06/26/1986 - Airport Relations Commission CITY OF EAGAN
AIRPORT NOISE COMMITTEE
AGENDA
THURSDAY
JUNE 26, 1986
4:30 PM
I. ROLL CALL AND APPROVAL OF MINUTES
II. COMMITTEE UPDATE
A. Eagan- Mendota Heights Corridor Study
B. Runway 4/22 Extension
III. OLD BUSINESS
A. Airport Relocation
IV. NEW BUSINESS
V. DISTRIBUTION
A. Health Aspects of Noise Exposure
B. FAA Report on Fleet Modernization
VI. OTHER BUSINESS
VII. ADJOURNMENT
MEMO TO: CHAIRMAN BAKER AND ALL MEMBERS OF THE AIRPORT NOISE
COMMITTEE
FROM: ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT HOHENSTEIN
DATE: JUNE 18, 1986
SUBJECT: AIRPORT NOISE COMMITTEE MEETING FOR JUNE 26, 1986
A meeting of the Eagan Airport Noise Committee is scheduled for
Thursday, June 26, 1986, at 4:30 p.m. in the Eagan Municipal
Center Conference Rooms A and B. Please contact Jon Hohenstein at
454 -8100, if you are unable to attend the meeting. The following
discussion is intended to provide background on those items to be
reviewed at the meeting on Tuesday.
I. MINUTES
A copy of the minutes of the Eagan Airport Noise Committee meeting
of May 13, 1986 is enclosed for your review. These minutes,
subject to any change, require approval by the committee.
II. COMMITTEE UPDATE
A. Eagan- Mendota Heights Corridor Study -- Enclosed in your
packet for your review are two items. The first is a copy of the
map showing Departure Flight Tracks used in the Part 150 Study.
This map will allow you to reference neighborhoods in the vicinity
of such flight tracks. Also in your packet, you will find a copy
of the Mendota Heights Resolution passed in 1984 relative to the
corridor. City Staff and Chairman Baker have engaged in a series
of meetings with the Metropolitan Airports Commission Staff regard-
ing a contention by the FAA and the MAC that the Cities of Eagan
and Mendota Heights arrived at an accommodation in 1984 which
allowed the corridor to be defined by the extended runway center-
lines. As you will note, the resolution which was presented does
not mention runway centerlines, rather it acknowledges the 105
degree heading as being the legitimate location of the corridor.
As Staff and MAC will likely have another meeting before the
committee meets, we will be available to discuss the progress on
the matter with you at that time.
B. Runway 4/22 Extension -- The City Council received the Airport
Noise Committee's Runway 4/22 Extension Resolution at their June
17 meeting. As I am dictating this in advance of the meeting, I
do not know the outcome of their deliberations at this time. I
will be available to answer questions on the outcome at the
committee meeting.
III. OLD BUSINESS
Airport Relocation -- At the request of the Airport Noise Commit-
tee, the airport relocation item was continued from the May 13
meeting so that Joe Harrison, who had requested that the item be
placed before you, could be present. The body of that item is
reproduced here for your consideration.
The MAC has in the past and continues to consider the potential
for relocating the Minneapolis -St. Paul International Airport.
As many of the Committee members may remember, considerable time
and effort was spent on such proposal in the late 1960's and
early 1970's with a site in Ham Lake, Minnesota being the most
likely candidate. The project was turned down by the MAC at that
time for a variety of reasons relating both to its cost and the
diverse interests of the Metropolitan community. Since that
time, the cost of replicating the current facility has risen
dramatically, though a review of such a possibility continues to
be carried out.
MASAC considered relocation of the airport as one of the possible
elements for the Part 150 study, but chose not to include it in
the final recommendations to the Airports Commission. The
airport does have two search areas at which it is considering
locating a second major airport. The first of these is at
Airlake in Lakeville and the second is in the western metro area
near Lake Minnetonka. The latter is the preferred location and
was referred to in MAC planning as Search Area B. While staff
was unable to locate printed material concerning this item, MAC
has placed the cost of building a major new airport at roughly
$15 billion. Moreover, they have projected the implementation
phase of such a decision to span roughly 15 years. This would
mean that such a facility would be operational no sooner than the
year 2000 if it were to receive all evironmental and locational
approvals this year. This is the same time period in which it is
anticipated that Stage 3 aircraft will come to dominate the
airline fleet, thereby reducing the impact of even the worst of
the current flight patterns. Moreover, the MAC has indicated
that the likelihood that all operations would be shifted to a new
facility is very slight. A more likely scenario is that a major
reliever airport would be developed on the western edge of the
City and the capacity of the entire metropolitan airport's system
would be expanded rather than maintained at its current level.
One possible offshoot of a major reliever at a remote location
would be the portential for the MAC to limit the flights at the
Minneapolis -St. Paul International due to the availability of an
operational alternative within the same community. The potential
for this to occur depends entirely upon the scale of the facility
they might develop in Search Area B and the predisposition of the
MAC to use such strategies.
It should be borne in mind, that the City of Eagan as a whole has
a mixed interest in the location of the airport. Certainly the
residential community most affected by aircraft noise finds this
location to be detrimental and would encourage any change which
would minimize the impacts within the residential areas.
However, much of the commercial and industrial development of the
area, particularly the growing service industry portion depends
upon the proximity of the airport and other transportation
facilities for their livelihood. Likewise, many employees of the
airport, its facilities and airlines live within the City and do
so because of the convenience of airport access. Therefore, the
issue of airport location is one that requires consideration of
both types of interests. Staff will be available to discuss this
item further with Committee members.
ACTION TO BE CONSI ^EKED ON THIS ITEM: None at this time.
IV. NEW BUSINESS
There is no new business to come before the group at this time.
V. DISTRIBUTION
A. Health Aspects of Noise Exposure -- Enclosed in your packet,
please find two items concerning noise impacts on an individual's
health. The first is a reprint from the Wellness Workbook by
Regina Ryan and John Travis. The outline concentrates on the
impact of various noise levels on the sense of hearing. It goes
on to correlate the stress related to airport noise to a higher
level of nervous disorders in noise impacted communities. A
similar scenario is described by the second article which is
reprinted from U.S. News & World Report's July 16, 1984 issue.
Both articles contain tables comparing noise levels in decibels to
common sounds in and around the home.
B. FAA Report on Fleet Modernization -- Also enclosed in your
packets, you will find a copy of the Staff summary of the "FAA
Report to Congress on Aircraft Fleet Modernization ". The report
in its entirety is available at City Hall and may be distributed
to Airport Noise Committee members upon request. Perhaps you can
determine in your review of the memo what items need further
explanation. Staff would be open to any suggestions for action
which arise out of this report.
VI. OTHER BUSINESS
VII. ADJOURNMENT
The committee will adjourn at or before 6:00 p.m.
Administrative Assistant
JH /mc
MINUTES OF THE EAGAN AIRPORT NOISE COMMITTEE
EAGAN, MINNESOTA
MAY 13, 1986
A regular meeting of the Eagan Airport Noise Committee was
held on Tuesday, May 13, 1986 at the Eagan Municipal Center at
4:30 p.m. The following members were present: Chairman Tom
Baker, John Gustin, Carolyn Braun, Otto Leitner, and Dustin Mirick.
Absent were Carol Dozois and Joe Harrison. Also present was
Administrative Assistant Jon Hohenstein.
MINUTES
Upon motion by Gustin, seconded by Braun, all members voting
in favor, the minutes of the April 10, 1986 meeting were approved.
MAC REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR
Administrative Assistant Hohenstein reported that member
Mirick and he had attended the special Metropolitan Airports
Commission meeting held on April 28, 1986. The purpose of the
meeting was to review and approve the MAC report to the Governor
on aircraft noise abatement. Hohenstein further reported that MAC
Chairman Glumack had insisted that an item be included in the
report which called for improved compliance with the Eagan- Mendota
Heights departure corridor. The committee discussed problems with
corridor compliance and expressed concern over the increased fre-
quency of overflights of noise sensitive areas. Member Mirick
reported that he had monitored departure headings given by the
control tower in both January and April of this year. He
indicated that the headings given in January ranged between 90 and
105 degrees and that the headings given by the control tower in
April ranged from 100 to 120 degrees. Chairman Baker asserted
that this change may be a result of the retirement of tower
manager, Les Case. Member Leitner indicated that he believes that
aircraft are currently flying centerline departures on runway 11L
and that diverging headings to the south are being flown on runway
11R. After further discussion, the committee suspended considera-
tion of this item until the new business item on the same subject
would be discussed.
JOINT POSITION PAPER
Administrative Assistant Hohenstein reported that the Joint
Position Paper on aircraft noise had been passed by the cities of
1
Burnsville, Eagan, Inver Grove Heights, Mendota Heights and Savage.
He indicated that the staff would be attempting to execute a cover
letter for the Position Paper in the coming weeks. He further
stated that the changes requested by the participating cities were
few and that the Position Paper remained largely as passed by the
Airport Noise Committee. Member Gustin suggested that the preceed-
ing discussion of the Eagan- Mendota Heights corridor related to
many of the elements of the Position Paper, particularly Item III
concerning the potential for economic harm if restrictions are
placed on aircraft operations. Chaiman Baker indicated that the
environmental impacts of other businesses are quantified so as to
allow the consideration of costs and benefits necessary to make
difficult decisions on business operations. The committee accepted
staff's report on the progress of the Position Paper and took no
further action on it.
RUNWAY 4/22 EXTENSION
At the request of the committee, Administrative Assistant
Hohenstein prepared and presented a resolution in opposition to
the Runway 4/22 Extension Project currently under consideration by
the MAC. The committee reviewed the resolution and made several
comments. Member Mirick expressed concern that the resolution
includes both the southerly turn from runway 4/22 and the runway
extension. The committee discussed whether or not the resolution
should be subdivided to treat each separately. No action was taken
to effect such a division.
The committee suggested that a clause be inserted in the
resolution which recognizes the potential for the runway 4/22
extension to increase the capacity of the airport beyond its
current limit. Upon motion by Leitner, seconded by Gustin, all
members voting in favor, the resolution was approved, conditional
upon the insertion of the requested language and a memorandum of
review to be distributed to all members.
NORTH EAGAN CORRIDOR MONITORING PROGRAM
Administrative Assistant Hohenstein reported that the MAC
staff would participate with the City staff in the development of
a monitoring program for the north Eagan corridor to be accom-
plished during the summer of 1986. The committee discussed the
need for such information to be verifiable and requested that MAC
prepare and distribute a methodology which would allow duplication
of the monitoring technique by members of the committee. In
addition, members expressed concern that the Metropolitan Airports
Commission would gather data which would support their contention
that corridor compliance is not a significant problem. Member
Mirick indicated that he feels the development of an information
2
base is essential to the solution of any problems in this area and
that the potential to check on and duplicate the MAC method will
reduce the likelihood of skewed data collection. After further
discussion, Leitner moved, Braun seconded, all members voted in
favor to support the North Eagan Corridor Monitoring Program and
further directed staff to cooperate with MAC staff in developing
this project.
OTHER BUSINESS
Upon motion by Mirick, seconded by Gustin, all in favor,
further business items were continued until a future meeting.
FUTURE MEETINGS
The next regular meeting of the Airport Noise Committee will
be held on Thursday, June 12, 1986. Committee members requested
that a special meeting be held on Thursday, May 29, 1986 if
discussions of the North Eagan Corridor Noise Monitoring Program
required attention at that time.
ADJOURNMENT
Chairman Baker adjourned the meeting at 6:15 p.m.
JH
Secretary
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CITY OF MENDOTA HEIGHTS
DAKOTA COUNTY, MINNESOTA
RESOLUTION NO. 84
RESOLUTION REGARDING AIR TRAFFIC PATTERNS
WHEREAS, the City of Mendota Heights, through Land Use planning, has provided
a corridor through the southern area of the City for the safe and unobtrusive
operation of aircraft arriving and departing from the Twin Cities International
Airport; and
WHEREAS, during the past three years there has been a continuing and increasing
movement of the departing tracks of aircraft over well established residential
neighborhoods, located to the north of the compatibly zoned land; and
WHEREAS, the operations of departing aircraft on runways 11L, due to heading
turns out of the provided corridor, have resulted in an intolerable situation
for the residents of the City; and
WHEREAS, it has come to the attention of the City that at least a part
of the condition is a result of the designation of a small residential area
(specifically the Timberline Addition in the City of Eagan) south of the flight
path by the FAA as a no overflight area; and
WHEREAS, the City of Mendota Heights has been provided with noise contour
maps from the MAC and Metropolitan Council which indicate field operations should
be conducted in a manner that restrict the excessive noise to the non - residential
corridor provided;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Mendota
Heights that the MAC and the FAA Air Traffic Control be required to maintain
all departing aircraft on Runway 11L to a compass heading of ao less than
105 degrees or such heading as is necessary to maintain all traffic in the corridor
provided and shown in exhibit A attached hereto.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that in the event that such operations cannot be
accommodated and effective on or before July 10, 1984, that the MAC close Runway
11L to all departing turbo jet traffic on a 24 -hour a day basis until such time
as operations can be maintained in such a compatible manner.
Adopted by the City Council of the City of Mendota Heights this Twentieth day
of June, 1984.
CITY COUNCIL
CITY OF MENDOTA HEIGHTS
By
ATTEST: Robert G. Lockwood
Mayor
Kathleen M. Swanson
City Clerk
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by Regina Sara Ryan and John W. Travis M.D.
Foreword by Dorothy Jongeward, Ph.D.
Sensing 77
- trong feelings associated with before becomes offensive. The rain, of the wind in the trees, of the
„hildhood experiences can be fumes from a single car passing us stars in their travels in the night
triggered by a whiff of a long on a deserted road smell horrible; sky —these are the food of the soul.
forgotten scent. Recall the smell of imagine what effect the thousands Just imagine what your world would
grandmother's house? Of the on the freeway must be having on be like without them.
incense or candles in church? Of a our bodies. We taste the sodium On the other hand, excessive
funeral parlor? A new car? We often benzoate in bread. We are sound input can cause serious
respond to smells of food cooking overpowered by the deodorants in complications, and this is a growing
with emotional intensity, and strong public toilets. When we can detect problem in our industrialized
memories. Hamburgers on the grill? these warning signals, we can world. The insidious background
A slow - cooking soup? The spices in choose to suffer and be discour- noise in our environment, which
the spaghetti sauce? The cotton- aged that things are getting worse, many of us have come to take for
candy at the circus? Sometimes the or we can choose to minimize the granted, has been increasing on the
smell will generate an emotional amount of poisons in our environ- average by about 1 decibel per year.
response even though we are ment, or separate ourselves from We have known for a long time
unaware of the specific memories them. that hearing loss is one of the
associated with it. On the pleasant side, we can occupational hazards of being
Almost every living thing emits a become aware of the unique scent around noisy equipment. In
scent. Along with water vapor the of each of our loved ones and of reporting on the causes and
skin is constantly secreting our own bodies, of the wonderful treatment of deafness one doctor
unnecessary by- products. These scents of flowers and trees calling wrote back in 1831:
odors produce each individual's out to us from afar, and the subtle The blacksmiths' deafness is a consequence
unique body scent. While these aromas of food. A fuller appre- of their employment; it creeps on them
cents change with emotional state, ciation of the fragrance of life gradually, in general at about forty or fifty
iet, and season, they are a is one of the benefits of wellness. years of age.. .
chemical signature. An animal These losses are due to prolonged
detects its baby from a group of exposure to sound levels of
many similar babies based on this. The Sense of Hearing between 90 and 100 decibels, and
In some cultures, it is only when because they damage the nerve they
two persons are within smelling The energy conversion which cannot be mended. Hearing aids are
distance of each other's bodies that allows us to hear happens in the largely ineffective in remedying the
they feel themselves to be making inner ear. The cochlea is lined with condition. Realizing the magnitude
meaningful contact. This is an about 24,000 tiny hair cells of of this problem the U.S. Department
essential part of their social extreme sensitivity. When of Labor publishes occupational
interchange. Sexuality is closely tied stimulated with sound, these hairs safety and health standards which
to the sense of smell. vibrate, creating impulses which include guidelines for the levels
In our ultra- hygienic culture such pass along the auditory nerve into of noise allowable in industrial and
organic body odors are usually the brain, where they are business establishments. The Envir-
abhorred. We go to great lengths to interpreted. "Ah, yes. It's you, onmental Protection Agency makes
cover them up with artificial scents mother." recommendations for acceptable
and deodorants for underarms, It is through the child's acute levels of noise in the environment
genitals, mouth —in the same way hearing that s/he will learn the at around 45 to 55 decibels?
that we deodorize the bathroom, sounds which make up the Hearing loss is not the only
kitchen, or trash can. In our language used for communication. problem associated with noise.
obsession to eliminate natural odors Moreover, infants depend upon the Noise increases stress and irritability .
we have surrounded ourselves with soothing sounds of a familiar voice and may even be a factor in more
a host of new unnatural ones. for their security. As adults, we serious emotional disturbances.
As we move towards high level know this and so approach a strange People who live near Heathrow
.vellness, we often experience our child with baby -talk and gentle coos Airport in London showed a 31%
sense of smell becoming more in order not to frighten. higher rate of nervous breakdown
acute. On the unpleasant side, We need, expect and appreciate than did those in similar economic
smoke which didn't bother us sound. The sound of music, of the areas away from the airport. In the
78 Wellness Workbook
Sound Levels and Human Response community of Inglewood,
California, where the noise level of
Noise jet aircraft exceeds 90 decibels,
Level
Common Sounds (dB) Effect UCLA researchers Meecham and
Smith found that the mental
Carrier deck jet operation 140 Painful)
Air raid siren y loud hospital admission rate was 29%
higher than in a comparable, but
quieter, community.
130 Awareness and self-responsibility
in regard to noise pollution may be
Jet takeoff (200 feet) as simple as using a set of acoustic
Thunderclap 120 Maximum vocal effort
Discotheque earmuffs, or earplugs, to protect
Auto horn (3 feet) yourself when working around loud
Pile drivers 110 machinery. Attending certain
concerts or parties where loud
music is played will require some
Garbage truck 100 conscious action on your part. We
hear stories of rock musicians who
at the age of thirty or forty are
Heavy truck (50 feet) Very annoying suffering from severe hearing loss.
City traffic 90 Hearing damage (8 hours) The sound levels at discos have
been reported to average about 100
Alarm clock (2 feet) 80 Annoying decibels. Some are even blasting
Hair dryer away at up to 140! The longer you
Noisy restaurant stay in these environments, the
Freeway traffic 70 Telephone use difficult more accustomed your ears, your
Man's voice (3 feet) whole nervous system, will become
to the sounds. It may no longer
Air conditioning unit (20 feet) 60 Intrusive bother you. But what you are doing
is drugging yourself with a form of
sensory overload. It will therefore
Light auto traffic (100 feet) 50 Quiet take greater amounts of input to
stimulate you, at the same time that
Living room you lose an appreciation of the
Bedroom 40 subtleties.
Quiet office Hearing loss is not always
Library
physically caused. Some losses
Soft whisper (15 feet) 30 Very quiet result from the desire to avoid
hearing something, or the wish for
distance in a relationship.
Broadcasting studio 20
Sometimes the event which triggers
it occurs long before the actual
hearing loss is detected. Our
10 Just audible associate, Jerry, remembers deciding
when he was a teenager to turn off
his hearing. The decision was
0 Hearing begins
certainly related to his later
problems. (See Jerry's Story.)
Care and consciousness;
This decibel (dB) table compares some common sounds and shows how they rank in potential harm to hearing. Note moderation and body trust; self=
that 90 dB is the point at which noise begins to harm hearing. To the ear, each 10 dB increase seems twice as loud. responsibility and love —these need
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
ork
Sensing 79
►ise Around Our Homes Jerry's Story
Sound Level for
Noise Source Operator (In dB)
Refrigerator 40 About seven years ago, I was arrested and sentenced to serve forty
Floor Fan 38 to 70 weekends in a county jail. I found the experience very degrading,
Clothes Dryer
55
Washing Machine 47 to 78 especially the strip search, which happened each Friday evening. On the
Dishwasher asher 54 to 85 eighth weekend, I started becoming sick within the first hour after I
Hair Dryer 59 to 80 arrived at the jail. I had contracted the London Flu that was going around
Vacuum Cleaner 64 to 85 that year.
Sewing Machine
Electric Shaver 75 As a child, I learned to use illness as a way of eliciting sympathy from
Food Disposal (Grinder) 67 to 93 my parents and other authority figures. In this way, I got lots of attention,
Electric Lawn Edger 81 and was able to get out of doing things I did not want to do. One of my
Home Shop Tools 85
Gasoline Power Mower 87 to 92 favorite ways was to contract a sore throat, which became a head cold
Gasoline Riding Mower 90 to 95 and fever, swollen glands, and finally an earache. As a result, I developed
Chain Saw 100 a severe hearing loss in my right ear, which stabilized at puberty.
Stereo Up to 120
Source: EPA In jail, I suffered the highest fevers I have ever had. I would complain to
the jailers, and they would give me some aspirin and tell me to go see a
to be the guiding principles in doctor when I got out on Sunday evening. They said there was no doctor
exercising respect for this available to see me. So, I kept making myself sicker.
magnificent sense. When I finally was let out on Sunday evening, I would go home and
receive care from a nurse- friend. I got better during the week, but would
Creative Sound and Silence still feel pretty weak when Friday rolled around again. I had a lot of
anxiety about having to return to jail each weekend. One day, I was
'ithout music listening to the noon news on the radio, when my left ear "popped." I
life would be a mistake. couldn't hear anything out of it. I assumed that this was just a temporary
— Nietzsche situation, and that my hearing would soon return. It didn't. I still have
enough hearing left in my right ear to profit from a hearing aid. My left
Just as sound can cause illness and ear does not have enough hearing left for me to even use an aid.
injury and set you on edge, so it can In retrospect, I realize now that I did not just lose my hearing. I turned
be one of the easiest ways to relax it off. My subconscious mind was trying to do whatever was necessary to
you, supply you with new energy, get me out of an intolerable situation. Past experience had taught me that
and even transport you into other making myself sick was the way to accomplish this. So when one method
states of consciousness. Listening to didn't work, I would just try another. I also know that since I turned my
the movement of air through your hearing off, I am also capable of turning it back on. Obviously, there is
nostrils, the music of a beautiful still a "payoff' for me to continue the status quo.
symphony, the sounds of a chime —
these can be great aids to awareness i Hints for a Quieter Home
Some Helpful and balance. For centur p eo p le
have used music and singing as a ❑ Use carpeting to absorb noise, especially in ❑ lnsh heating lI washing
and machines in e same e room
part of ritual celebration. Chanting areas where there is a lot of foot traffic. g d
o Hang heavy drapes over windows closest to preferably in an enclosed space away from
— intoning the same note —serves outside noise sources. bedrooms.
to tune the chanters into the "same ❑ Put rubber or plastic treads on uncarpeted ❑ If you use a power mower, operate it at
vibration." Songs generate energy stairs. (They're safer too.)
reasonable hours. The slower the engine
for patriotism, for propaganda, for ❑ Use upholstered rather than hard - surfaced setting, the quieter it will operate.
f urniture to deaden noise. ❑ When listening to a stereo, keep the volume
religious devotion. A rhythm and a
frequency set the nervous system, ❑ Install sound - absorbing ceiling tile in the down.
kitchen. Wooden cabinets will vibrate less than ❑ Place window air conditioners where their hum
•he brain, the whole body in metal ones. can help mask objectionable noises. However,
.notion. In Appendix A you will find ❑ Use a foam pad under blenders and mixers. try to avoid locating them facing your
a detailed list of musical recordings ❑ Use insulation and vibration mounts when neighbor's bedrooms.
and chants which you may want to
installing dishwashers. ❑ Use caution in buying children's toys that can
❑Compare, if possible, the noise outputs of make intensive or explosive sounds. Some
investigate.
different makes of an appliance before making can cause permanent ear mlury.
your selection. Source EPA
1 . .
• Wh All Th Noise P for heavy machinery, and earplugs ar
other personal hearing - protection d
vices, the industrial -noise problem is f,
Is Doing to Our Lives better controlled. Money is the reaso
health experts say. "Industrial noise
being addressed because hearing loss
compensable," says California nois
� More than a nuisance, the drowned out the visiting leader's re- control coordinator Jerome Lukas.
blare of modern life can marks during a welcoming ceremony New trouble areas. Complaints abo
damage hearing and reduce o n the White House lawn. intrusive noises are rising in once plac
Although noise is usually considered regions where the quiet is broken 1
learning ability. a mere nuisance, medical researchers new industries and the din of snowm
find that prolonged exposure may biles, off -road motorcycles and oth
The banging, screeching, crashing cause health and learning disorders. recreational vehicles.
and pounding in the nation's workplaces California Department of Health Ser- Asked to list their top concerns in
are being muffled today —but com- vices investigators determined last year recent poll, Oregon residents put not
,. a plaints about noise pollution in residen- that students in Los Angeles schools pollution fourth after crime, proper
tial communities are growing louder. located alongside freeways scored well taxes and quality of education. Says C
'' "Fifty percent of the U.S. population below their social and economic coun- egon noise - control director John H€
is exposed every day to noise that in- terparts in quieter neighborhoods on tor: "We get more complaints abo
terferes with speech or sleep," reports standardized reading and math tests. noise than any other form of pollution
- „,- Rutgers University's Noise Technical After 20 years of study, David Lips- Some local governments are fighti:
'y'- Assistance Center. comb of the University of Tennessee back with strict antinoise ordinances
`'" _ ?k �. Jill Lipoti, chief of the center, con- concluded that today's 19- year -olds, es- Since 1975, Colorado Springs noi>
tends that "noise affects more people pecially those who grew up with loud control unit has had police powers
than any other pollutant." enforce rules limiting street soun
There is mounting evi- ^fi' c (ei Index that are audible indoc
dence that nerve jarring to 55 decibels between
sounds —from such things a.m. and 7 p.m. and
as aircraft, f aulty mufflers, Im 1 r els Noise decibels after 7 p.m.
vacuum cleaners and suit In April alone, Colo
Threshold of pain ii' °' do Springs issued 5
case -size portable radios — , ; irt trigger what experts term •, ' OLilillinl 'Jet plane taking off tickets, carrying fin
"fight or flight" reactions. ranging from $25 to $1:
In Collinston, La., a 74-
"• ; 1UIIIIIllial 'Music in a loud disco for loud parties, unm
year -old man, tired of the " 1 ~ "111111111:411 ii i i Loud shout at 1 foot fled car exhausts, barki
roar from low -flying crop- L 10 1110i. 1161 'Jackhammer dogs and other violatioi
dusters, is facing charges 11 901111111 nil' 'Lawnmower In New York City, p'
of shooting and wounding Hearing loss ple who insist on playi
a pilot who was spraying from prolonged n n I I ( I 18019111' 1P' Electric hedge trimmer oversized radios — call
fields near his home two exposure - ;;,.45"III , Electric razor "boom boxes " —on t
years ago. `' streets risk confiscation •
In Miami, Fla., a 61- - r 111 16 1 IF I1 'Normal conversation the equipment by city 1
r
- lice and a $25 fine. Simi
year -old man was Seri ) . ,. Note: sound s measured M doabe'a which
Threshold of ; increase logeflhm,ce "y A change of3d.ciba. get -tough laws are be
tenced to life in prison for hearing "ii1ttwino
the 1982 shooting deat for a young adult represenua doubling o' sound insnc'y. enforced in San Diego a
j usww '"a- 8"E"".,,,,,�,,,e,o,,,"nr
- of his 27- year -old neigh- \ Salt Lake Cit .
bor after a long dispute eder. aides are taki
over the high volume of a stereo and music from earphone- equipped porta- steps to reduce airplane noise. By Jai
the rumble of a motorcycle. ble stereos, don't hear as well as youths ary 1, all planes using U.S. airports m
Examples of the disruptive effects of that age did two decades ago. meet strict standards designed to cut:
are cited by citizens across the country. Rutgers's Lipoti reports: "Constant exhaust volume— measured at 2 m•
In Aurora, Colo., the pealing of noise is linked to high blood pressure, away from runways —by half. Then, c
church bells was blamed for disturbing heart disease and ulcers. Exposure 24 cials say, the intensity of jet roar we
patients in a hospital across the street. hours a day to even the normal noises exceed that of a loud motor -
On Long Island, N.Y., the roar of jets of everyday life can increase blood ti , noise - contro experts worry t
taking off and landing at John F. Ken- pressure up to 40 percent. And it they are fighting a losing battle. S
nedy Airport interrupts classes at doesn't return to normal until long af- Edward DiPolvere of the National A
' Hempstead schools so frequently that ter you leave the noise." ciation of Noise Control Officials: "Nt
students lose a total of 1 hour of learn- Such findings are emerging two years is the only pollutant that some pee
ing time each day. after the Environmental Protection actually want. Truckdrivers want
- Reagan, too. Even President Rea- Agency's 14- million - dollar program to meanest - sounding rig. A company tr
„ill, , gan has been troubled by airplane curb noise pollution was swept away by to sell a quiet vacuum cleaner years
noise. In April, the President apolo- budget cuts. In place of federal grants to but few wanted them. They would r
- - gized to Dominican Republic Presi- aid local noise - control efforts, EPA now er sell because they were too quiet.
dent Salvador Jorge Blanco when jet- only offers advice over the telephone.
1 • liners from nearby National Airport With improved shielding and baffles By RONALD A. TAILOR
.v-o
1 50 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, July 16, 1
\ \
MEMO TO: CITY ADMINISTRATOR HEDGES
FROM: ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT HOHENSTEIN
DATE: JUNE 12, 1986
SUBJECT: FAA REPORT TO CONGRESS ON AIRCRAFT FLEET MODERNIZATION
In December, Mayor Blomquist, representatives of other noise -
affected cities and the MAC attended hearings on noise abatement
held by the FAA in Washington, D.C. The results of these
hearings is a report entitled "Alternatives Available to
Accelerate Commercial Aircraft Fleet Modernization ". the full
text of this report is avai'able at City Hall for review. That
which follows is a summary of the pertinent aspects of the
report.
The report suggests the need for a comprehensive national
strategy which combines:
1. Fleet modernization,
2. Operational means of noise reduction,
3. Sensible land use planning and control, and
4. Existing use of retrofits such as soundproofing.
Of these, the report concentrates on fleet modernization which is
the industry buzz word for the replacement of older, noisier
aircraft with quieter Stage III aircraft. The FAA expects this
conversion to be the principal means of noise reduction in the
next twenty years. This is probably true since the Stage III
aircraft can generate as little as one -sixth the apparent noise
of Stage II aircraft under similar operating conditions.
By FAA projections, 1,862 of the nation's current 2,367 plane
Stage II fleet will be retired by 2005. Retirement in this case
means ceasing operations in the United States. In the same time
period, the Stage III component will increase from 608 aircraft
to 3,979. Despite the projected overall increase in the fleet
size, its domination by Stage III aircraft is expected to reduce
by half the noise-affected areas in the U.S. in the next twenty
years. In a system near capacity, like Minneapolis -St. Paul,
this reduction could be more significant as there is less
capacity to be absorbed by growth.
The above projections anticipate no external impetus for early
conversion. If a complete ban of all but Stage III were effected
on or before that date, the reduction in affected area could be
as much as 65 percent. The thrust of the report is that fleet
modernization may be brought about by financial incentives,
regulatory controls or a combination of the two.
Page 2
Economic Incentives
One of the reasons that fleet modernization will occur slowly is
the staggering cost of the new capital. Airport officials place
the cost of a single Boeing 757 at $55 million or about the same
cost as the Metrodome. In addition to being quieter, Stage III
aircraft are much more fuel efficient. This is the principal
impetus for the natural replacement activity currently under way.
It is obvious, however, that an airline will likely use older
aircraft for much of their expected or depreciable life before
the efficiency differential justifies such a large investment.
The alternatives the FAA suggests here would alter the economic
realities in which the airline makes its replacement choices.
The incentives would allow the airline a choice, but would focus
the alternatives available. The incentives covered were:
1. Investment Tax Credit - A direct reduction of tax
liability as a percentage of major capital purchase
costs.
2. Accelerated Depreciation - A reduction of taxable
income taking into account wear and tear on an
investment to be recovered at less than its reasonable
useful life.
3. Loan Guarantees - A public guarantee of a debt
obligation w:iich enhances the borrowers ability to
secure financing in the private sector.
4. Federal Funding of Stage II Retrofit Development - A
program to support research and development of
economical technology to make Stage II aircraft into
Stage III compliant ones, such technology being non-
existent for 91% of the current Stage II fleet.
The drawback to all such incentive programs is their
inconsistency with the current federal administration's policies
of non - intervention in the private sector. As all proposals
discussed can be seen as subsidies to a particular industry,
their potential for implementation is slim. Of the alternatives
mentioned, however, Stage II Retrofit Development combined with
regulations for its use seems to be the one which would provide
the most short -term benefit to sound - impacted areas, with the
least investment by the industry.
Regulatory Approaches
The regulatory alternatives which are discussed fall into four
basis categories:
1. Stage II Limitations - Bans on the production and /or
use of all but quiet Stage III aircraft through local
or federal mandate either by a fixed date or based upon
the age of the aircraft.
r
Page 3
2. Operational Procedures - Preferential slotting or
routing for Stage III aircraft to reduce delays and
operational costs, thereby increasing the marginal
benefit of their use.
3. Noise Budgets and Fees - Systems by which noise is
internalized as an operational cost by airlines by
either limiting the amount a single airline may
produce, thus encouraging them to fly more quiet
aircraft to maintain or increase a level of operations,
or increasing the cost of doing business with noisy
aircraft through differential fees.
4. Noise Standard Modification - The development of a
Stage 2.5 and Stage 3.5 criteria to supplement the
current standards, such criteria to reduce the
investment differential between stages and allow more
phased compliance with the standards.
At no time was reregulation of the industry considered among the
regulatory alternatives. Of those which were considered, the
following observations may be made.
Stage II limitations are widely viewed as effective regulatory
means of accelerating Stage III replacement. Since a Stage I ban
has recently been accomplished, it is a viable alternative to
implement. It is essential, however, that a rational cut -off
date be established since early retirement costs will go from $9
billion for a 1995 ban to $1 billion fo a 2005 ban. These costs
also indicate why the industry is slow to retire such aircraft on
their own. A ban is essential in the long run, however, because
the current deregulated market would result in retired Stage II
planes entering discount carrier fleets and remaining in
operation unless somehow prohibited.
Preferential treatement of Stage III aircraft is currently being
proposed by the MAC as a part of its report to the Governor. The
plan would exempt Stage III planes from all noise abatement
procedures including the Eagan - Mendota Heights corridor. While
Stage III aircraft are one -sixth as loud as Stage II, the City
would be best served by insisting that such a procedure be tested
by an objective third party before its implementation. Until
such a test can be assured, the City should oppose its
implementation. The ultimate effect of such a procedure would be
phased elimination of the corridor as Stage III aircraft come to
dominate the fleet.
Noise budgets and differential landing fees are currently under
consideration by the MAC. It is a rational approach to the
problem, because it makes the pollutor accountable for the
negative by- product of the business. Aircraft noise is a
detrimental impact on the surrounding environment which should be
treated like the physical pollution of other industries. The
only restriction is that the budgets or fees must not be
unreasonable so as to amount to a restraint of trade. The FAA
Page 4
has been emphatic in its assertion that litigation will acoompany
the institution of such programs. Northwest Orient and Republic
have indicated that such programs may hurt hubbing operations if
implemented locally.
Noise standard modification may have some value, but on its face
it is illogical. If the industry cannot meet a standard of
performance without a substantial investment, it does not seem
reasonable to lower the standards. The apparent benefit of
reaching a standard may actually slow absolute benefits if a
proliferation of standards occurs.
Summary
The FAA report suggests that a natural shift to Stage III
aircraft dominance in the national fleet mix will occur over the
next twenty years. This shift will reduce by half the noise
impacted area surrounding the nation's airports. This shift does
little to impact the noise situation in the short term, however,
and may need to be combined with incentives or regulations to
have a positive effect in the near future. The City of Eagan
will benefit by this shift and may wish to take a position on it.
Staff is available to respond to questions about the report, the
full text of which is available at the Municipal Center.
Aiinistrative Assistant
JH /jh