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HomeMy WebLinkAbout04/10/1990 - Solid Waste Abatement Commission AGENDA SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION EAGAN, MINNESOTA EAGAN MUNICIPAL CENTER CONFERENCE ROOMS A & B TUESDAY, APRIL 10, 1990 11:30 A.M. I. ROLL CALL AND ADOPTION OF AGENDA II. APPROVAL OF MINUTES III. STAFF REPORT A. 1989 Expenditures report /Budget overview. B. 1989 Tonnage Breakdown /Overview C. Meeting Schedule IV. OLD BUSINESS V. NEW BUSINESS A. Commission Goals 1990 - Work Session VI. OTHER BUSINESS VII. DISTRIBUTION VIII. NEXT MEETING IX. ADJOURNMENT MEMO TO: CHAIRS MANN & HOEL & ALL MEMBERS OF THE SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION FROM: RECYCLING SPECIALIST HAGEMAN DATE: APRIL 3, 1990 SUBJECT: EAGAN SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION MEETING OF APRIL 10, 1990 A regular meeting of the Eagan Solid Waste Abatement Commission will be held on Tuesday, April 10, 1990 at 11:30 a.m. in the Eagan Municipal Center Conference Rooms A and B. The City will provide a box lunch to commission members requesting one by noon, Monday, April 9. Please contact Kris Hageman or Jane Helebrant at 454 -8100 to indicate whether you will attend and your luncheon preference. I. ROLL CALL AND ADOPTION OF AGENDA The agenda, as presented or modified, requires adoption by the Commission. II. APPROVAL OF MINUTES A copy of the minutes of the Solid Waste Abate nt Commission meeting of March 13, 1990 is enclosed on pages through 5 - for your review. These minutes, subject o any change, require approval by the Commission. III. STAFF REPORT A. 1989 Expenditures /Budget Overview- - Enclosed on pages 6 through , you will find copies of both 1989 Expenditures Report and udget. We will be able to review each program element and its corresponding funding and expenses for the year. Any questions can be discussed at our meeting on April 10. B. Tonnage Breakdown /Overview -- Enclosed on pages $ through , you will find tonnage reports for the City of Eagan and other municipalities in Dakota County with a breakdown as to where the weights came from, i.e. residential collection, drop -off, etc. Also included is a breakdown of tonnage by materials collected at the area drop -off locations and in the curbside collection program. The City reached a 19% abatement when all recycling activities were accounted for. C. Meeting Schedule- - Thank you to all members who returned the short questionnaires. All members returned the form stating their meeting time df preferences. After reviewing the forms, the majority of votes for a meeting time is the original 11:30 a.m. time period. At this time we will not reschedule the regular meeting of the Solid Waste Abatement Commission. Staff will now proceed with the steps to fill the vacated seat on the Commission. IV. OLD BUSINESS V. NEW BUSINESS A. Commission Goals 1990 -Work Session- - The majority of our time this meeting will be dedicated to the discussion and work session regarding Commission goals for 1990 and ossibly beyond. Enclosed in your packet on pages /0 through he , you will find a copy of the original strategy statement for Commission and a copy of our Program Work Plan for 1990. Using these materials and discussing program activities and objectives, we hope to establish a set of goals for the year and look into future program initiatives. VI. OTHER BUSINESS VII. DISTRIBUTION Enclosed in your packet, you will find the following: 1. On pages 6 through 7 , 1989 Expenditures Report and 1989 Budget. 2. On pages lir through 9 , tonnage reports for all Dakota County municipalities and a breakdown of tonnage by material for the City of Eagan. 3. On pages /4 through , you will find copies of the original SWAC Goal Statement and the 1990 work plan for the recycling program. VIII. NEXT MEETING The next meeting of the Solid Waste Abatement Commission will be on Tuesday, May 8, 1990 at 11:30 a.m. Please mark your calendars for that meeting. IX. ADJOURNMENT The meeting will adjourn at or about 1:00 p.m. Rec cling pecia st -City of Eagan Ca MINUTES OF THE SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION MEETING MARCH 13, 1990 A regular meeting of the Eagan Solid Waste Abatement Commission was held on Tuesday, March 13, 1990 at 11:30 am. Present were Terry Schnell, Cindy Ista, Earl Milbridge, Darlene Bahr, Tom Moline and Tom Mann. Absent were Larry Knutson, Todd Gatz, Tim Hoel and Brenda Marshall. Also present were Recycling Coordinator Hageman, Assistant to the City Administrator Hohenstein, representatives of the public and hauling community. AGENDA Discussion was had concerning an addition to Old Business concerning compost site usage. Upon motion by Ista and seconded by Bahr, all members voting in favor, the agenda was adopted as amended. MINUTES Upon motion by Bahr and seconded by Ista, all members voting in favor, all minutes were approved as presented. HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTION UPDATE Hageman reported that the city of Rosemount's hazardous waste collection day is scheduled for June 2, 1990, and the cities of Burnsville and Apple Valley will be cosponsoring a collection day sometime this summer. Also, the city of Inver Grove Heights should be planning their annual HHW day as well. County staff is also involved in putting together a management plan for the County's hazardous materials. This management plan will be reviewed by City staff at our county -wide staff meeting in April. A summary of this report will be given to the Commission as it is made available. COMPOST SITE OPERATIONS UPDATE Hageman gave a brief background on operations requirements and administrative details to be worked out before the April 2 start-up date for the season's operations. Upon arrival, Hohenstein added that the Dakota County Board of Commissioners did pass a resolution stating the use of the Eagan compost site as a transfer facility for the Dakota County yard waste program. Hageman noted that budget allocations for site management this year will be used for transfer of material and the tip fee to be charged when material is brought to the Lakeville site and possibly used for some site upgrading. Bahr noted caution should be taken when looking at pulling additional monies from the budget. She also stated that we should look at the numbers and try to remain under budget. Hageman stated that if the allocated funds are exceeded through transfer of material and other operations, there is a possibility of transferring capital funds over to the operations and management budget to cover additional costs. In reaction, Hageman stated that we have a very small time frame to move the material and get the site ready for our April 2 opening day. A lot needs to be done and a lot of money will be spent in the next 15 - 30 days. Schnell brought up the possibility of a special session for the Commission in order to review our funding needs prior to our April 10 regularly scheduled Commission meeting. Upon motion by Bahr, seconded by Mann, all members voting in favor, staff was directed to use current funds toward site management for the removal and transfer of material as deemed necessary. tf additional funds are needed, staff is to return to the Commission for approval of the transfer of funds. 3 EXPENDITURES REPORT Upon motion by Bahr, this item was tabled to our April 10 regular meeting in order to include in the April 10 packet a summary of our budget for the year to compare to our expenditures report. The review of the 1989 expenditures report will take place at our regular meeting of April 10. OLD BUSINESS Some additional information was needed in regard to clarifying the use of our compost site this season. Bahr had some concern about excluding some small or large businesses that do their own lawn care from the municipal compost site. After clarification from Hohenstein, this did not remain a concern. Any small hauler can bring materials in and all will be charged the commercial rate for dropping off material. Upon motion by Bahr and seconded by Milbridge, all members voted in favor to treat lawn services and businesses not including commercial haulers the same when these organizations are using our compost site. Mann asked if the site would now be open to all County residents. Hageman stated yes. Milbridge was concerned if this would be checked in any way. Hageman said it would ultimately be the operator's decision, although we will be looking into periodically having one of the monitors check residency, maybe two or three times during the season in 3 - 4 week periods. NEW BUSINESS A. Multi -Unit Recycling Hageman reviewed the options for City involvement in the Eagan Green Apartments recycling operation. Discussions concerning the options began with Hiar suggesting that we leave the system up to the hauler and the management companies. Schnell offered the suggestion that we try some different incentives or promotions, i.e. providing can crushers for individual apartments or maybe some other items. This may help decrease the volume for an apartment and make it easier for them to participate. Tom Moline from BFI stated that he was not aware of any other multi -unit program on- line similar to the one proposed for Eagan Green, although that doesn't mean that this type of program would not work in such a building. Bahr also pointed out that a true 'study' would have a few different systems and variables to test in one group rather than just one variable as stated in the Eagan Green project. Hohenstein then reiterated that our original philosophy behind the $.50 per unit for the haulers would be that it would help offset haulers' cost for centralized container systems and that it had not been anticipated that any complex would want to use both. One of the residents present also mentioned that it would be a good idea to try a resident survey in terms of finding out what works for the individual or family at the building to try to help encourage the program and find out what works and doesn't work in terms of their participation, also it could help find out how they can encourage others to participate. Hohenstein also noted our October 1 deadline for having all multi -units on -line with the recycling program and that things had been going along fairly smoothly and that maybe we should let things continue as they have been. We have not seen any major problems in this system as it is working right now and maybe we should look at different program incentives and changes if we run into a time bind in terms of having everything on -line by October. A few final comments by Bahr involved suggestions that we list out all of our ideas and promo items and information that we have available to multi -units and make as much information available to the management companies as possible. In closing out our discussion, Mann suggested that we do not offer a container but the City help with whatever we can. Upon motion by Ista and seconded by Mann, all members voted in favor to reject plan A and to continue with the original plan to help with information material and educational items for residents at the multi -unit complexes. B. Commission Goals for 1990 Upon motion by Ista and seconded by Schnell, all members voted in favor to table this item until our regular meeting of April 10. OTHER BUSINESS Hohenstein brought up the idea of changing our meeting time. He threw out a few suggestions for Commission members to think about 1) 3:30 or 4:00 in the afternoon, 2) remain at our 11:30 or Noon time period, or 3) 7:00 or 8:00 in the morning. We would remain at our hour and one - half length for the meeting time. With initial discussion, the group seemed fairly mixed on their choices or preferences for meeting time. Hageman suggested contacting the rest of the members who were not present to get an overall feel for the group's consensus. FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS The Commission requested that staff check on the percentage of abatement for the next meeting. Hageman will also give a breakdown on materials by tonnage. Another item for discussion may be plastics information and the uniform labelling discussion. Date Secretary Su. 8. Expenditures Report: Program Amount Administrative: Salaries $ 24,676.48 Consultant Services $ 24,676.48 Capital Cost: Containers (14,000 @ $10.08) 141,112.00 Storage 10,147.43 Equipment Rental 593.00 Distribution 10,530.00 162,382.43 Residential Operations & Maintenance: Contracted Services Recycle Minnesota Resources 4,000.00 Household Hazardous Waste Collection 5,000.00 Greenview, Inc. (compost site attendant) 4,657.00 Labor (compost site maintenance) 2,395.26 Utilities Postage 2,015.28 Printing 7,150.00 Other: Advertising /Promotion 2,933.39 Recycling Lottery 4,200.00 Local Mtgs. & Expenses 661.51 Dues and Subscriptions 181.00 Conferences and Ref. Materials 185.00 Program Supplies 452.93 Performance Funding 33,599.32* 67,430.69 Commercial /Industrial Activities: Printing and Promotion 974.55 974.55 Total 255,464.15 Program Revenue: Community Funds: 11,009.59 Other Funding: Total Funds received from the County: 244,454.56 * These figures include approximately +$2,600.00 to be paid to various firms for November and December 1989 tonnages. 6 VI . Revised 9 Jan. 1 ,1990 to December 31, 1990. Program Amount Administrative Costs: Salaries 19,000 Consultant Fees 19,000 Capital Costs (specify):* Containers in Parks 6,000 Multi- family containers 8,000 Compost Site Equipment (brush chipper & stump gr.) 23,000 /4 Residential Operations & Maintenance: 33,000 Contracted Services 19,000 Labor 9,500 Equipment Rental 5,700 Space Rental Utilities • Postage 5,000 Printing 8,000 Other Performance Finding 135,000 Cash for Trash T,nrrPry 5,200 Local Mtgs. & References 1,905 Advertising 5,000 Commercial /Industrial Activities:* 196,825 Performance Funding 5,000 Other Programs: 5,000 Total: 953,8 95 Anticipated Revenue: Community Share 2,513 Other Funding (specify) 1989 Comm /Ind. 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OVERVIEW Federal and state legislation, the Metropolitan Council, and the Dakota County Master Plan require a modification of the current system of collecting and disposing of wastes. This section outlines specific legal mandates and regulations pertinent to such a change in waste management strategies. Essentially the strategies require that waste management entities, including municipalities, work jointly to reduce landfilled wastes through waste reduction, reuse, recycling, waste processing, and residuals management. B. FEDERAL RESOURCE AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1976 The 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) imposes federal requirements and provides authority for dealing with the problems of managing solid waste. The act provides for technical and financial assistance to states for developing environmentally acceptable methods of managing solid waste. It prohibits future open dumping and requires that existing open dumps be closed or upgraded to sanitary landfills. It also regulates the treatment, storage, transportation and disposal of solid wastes. Subtitle D of the act is particularly important because it provides guidelines for developing and implementing state and regional solid waste management plans. As a result of the act, the Minnesota Waste Management Board has been given the authority to finance and regulate certain aspects of solid waste facilities and activities outside the Metropolitan area. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) is the state agency responsible for adopting a state solid waste plan and waste facility regulations. C. MINNESOTA WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1980 In response to the waste management dilemma, the 1980 Minnesota legislature passed the state Waste Management Act, significantly increasing the Metropolitan Council's responsibility for solid waste management in the Metro area. This act charged the Council with providing a long range plan for managing solid waste in the region that provides for the reduction of waste, recovery of materials and energy, and minimizes the practice of land disposal. The act requires the plan to set regional waste management policies and provide schedules for developing waste facilities and activities to manage solid waste through the year 2000. It is also the responsibility of the Metropolitan Council to provide technical and financial assistance to counties, municipalities, and private service providers. In addition, the Council is to research and develop markets for recycled products and new processing techniques. // D. METROPOLITAN COUNCIL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT GUIDE AND POLICY PLAN 1. Major Policies The Metropolitan Council will be working closely with governmental agencies and the private sector in implementing its guide and policy plan. Responsibility for implementing many of the policies rests with local jurisdictions, counties, and the private solid waste management industry. The Council and appropriate state agencies will offer adequate levels of technical and program assistance. The guide calls for establishing a regional system of coordinated processing and recycling services. The system could be comprised of centralized processing facilities, transfer stations, and composting and recycling services. The county has the principal responsibility to carry out this portion of the system. A major policy, set under this plan, requires the termination of landfilling mixed municipal solid waste after 1990. Only the nonrecoverable residuals remaining from waste processing could be landfilled after that date. Another major policy requires metropolitan area generators of municipal solid waste after July 1, 1988 to separate recyclables and compostable yard waste materials from the remaining waste if voluntary efforts on the part of cities, towns or counties have not achieved the Council's objectives. Counties, cities and towns will be required to provide recycling services for these materials within the next two to three years. 2. Funding A number of financial incentives and funding alternatives are contemplated under the plan. Financial incentives that can be used to promote source separation /recycling include 1) rebates to participants, 2) penalties for non - compliance, 3) charges per bag or per can of mixed solid waste, 4) extra charges for prohibited yard waste materials or recyclables, and 5) deposits on beer and soft drink containers. The Council and the counties are working to research and develop programs to more fully explore these types of financial incentives. Improvements in solid waste management will entail increased cost, leaving public willingness to pay somewhat difficult to predict. For this reason, the Council will place heavy emphasis on public education and awareness. Counties can further their efforts by implementing county -wide publicity, tools and provide technical and financial assistance to municipalities and private service providers. a 3. County Responsibility The Metropolitan Council and counties have shared responsibilities in implementing a development process for waste reduction, resource recovery, and solid waste landfill siting in the metropolitan area. The counties must amend their master plans to implement the waste reduction and resource recovery facilities. The Council and counties ultimately have authority to implement the process including control over the flow of waste. In the metropolitan area the counties are designated as the responsible party for regulating collection and transportation of solid waste and certain aspects of facility location and operation. Counties are required to prepare master plans that describe and govern existing and proposed solid waste activities. They must also share responsibility with the Metropolitan Council in implementing a development process for waste reduction, resource recovery, and solid waste landfill siting in the metropolitan area. 4. City Responsibility The waste management policy extends responsibilities to cities and townships as well. Included in these are: collecting source separated yard wastes and recyclables either directly or through private companies, adopting mandatory source separation ordinances if voluntary efforts fail to achieve adequate participation, assist counties with siting and /or development of processing facilities for source separated materials, and assist with local publicity tools (i.e. flyers, neighborhood meetings, newsletters). These responsibilities are further defined in the County's Solid Waste Masterplan. E. DAKOTA COUNTY MASTER PLAN Dakota County's master plan, and its subsequent revisions will act as a guide for solid waste management as the county meets legislative mandates and strives to manage solid waste generated and /or disposed within its borders in a manner that is environmentally sound and fiscally responsible. The county must develop its waste master plan and reports in order to site, acquire, construct, operate and improve solid waste management facilities. One of the most important roles of the county is to assure orderly and coordinated development of multi - material, intermediate processing or transfer facilities for identified recyclables. Furthermore, inter - county coordination may enhance the economic feasibility of recycling plants and promote cooperative marketing of the materials. The Dakota County master plan urges each city and township in the county to form a solid waste management committee or commission for the purpose of assessing waste management in the jurisdiction, recommending waste management practices to the governing body, and to work with county solid waste management staff as the community initiates and continues to operate community programs. /3 The county's ultimate goal is to provide a comprehensive solid waste management system that protects public health and safety, preserves and protects the environment, and provides cost effective alternatives to land disposal of mixed municipal solid waste. II. GENERAL CONCEPTS WASTE REDUCTION Waste reduction is the process of reducing the amount of solid waste generated. It includes product reuse, increased product life, reduced material use and product design and decreased consumption of products. It also includes activities such as mulching - back yard composting of yard wastes. These areas require continued industry support and attention by lawmakers and the media. From this definition, it can be seen that cost cutting measures regularly practiced by business and industry and conscientious purchasing patterns practiced by consumers qualify as waste reduction. Business and industry respond to the profit motive, which is perhaps the greatest incentive to reduce unneccessary consumption in their processes. Most consumers, however, are willing to pay for the convenience resulting in the purchase of products that are managed for that purpose or products that are not needed. Waste reduction activities are the most cost effective ways to manage solid waste because materials do not enter the waste stream. These activities are also the most difficult to accomplish since they require changes in life style, consumption patterns, work habits and require voluntary effort by homeowners, businesses, agencies and individuals. Waste reduction is also difficult to legislate. For these reasons, waste reduction is best accomplished through education. - Emphasis must be placed on making consumers aware of the consequences of their actions, and on informing citizens, public officials and businesses of methods to reduce waste volumes. Waste reduction because it is dependent on the behavior and cooperation of both industry and the general public, is difficult to accomplish. Although, with education and economic incentives, waste reduction can become a reality in our society. SOURCE SEPARATION Source separation implies the separation of materials, by the generator, from the municipal solid waste stream prior to the collection of the remaining mixed municipal solid waste. The materials subject to source separation are yard waste and recyclable glass, tin, aluminum, ferrous metals, paper, corregated cardboard, plastic beverage containers, drain oil, batteries, tires, furniture, clothing and some plastics. Also implied are systems of collection, processing, and marketing of separated materials. The effort expended by the generator of solid waste consists of separating the materials from the waste stream collected as trash and making them available for either pick up or taking them to a drop off site. This is considered by some as an inconvenience, but as the cost of disposing or processing solid waste increases and as the public becomes more aware of solid waste management, source separation becomes more attractive. Depending on how the program is designed, recyclable materials may be mixed together /5 or may have to be secured by type. For example, yard waste is typically bagged if it is collected via routed pick -up or it can be loose if it is delivered to a drop -off site. Collection can consist of routed pick -up, either separately or in conjunction with the pick -up of trash or delivery of materials to the drop -off site by the generator. Routed pick -up is appropriate to areas that have a fairly dense population such as larger cities. Drop -off sites can be as simple as attended sites with containers for disposal or they can be redemption centers at which materials can be redeemed for cash. Curbside collection of recyclab'es enjoys the highest compliance rates of any recycling strategy due to its convenience. Under curbside programs, any individual merely puts separated recyclables at the curb as he or she does with ordinary refuse. It is kept separate when collected for transfer to a processing facility. Such a system requires either specialized equipment or separate pick -up to maintain integrity of the products. In conclusion, source separation requires the cooperation of the waste generator. Public education and economic incentives will tend to increase compliance in meeting source separation goals. CENTRALIZED SEPARATION Also called centralized material recovery, centralized separation involves the separation of recyclable or compostable materials at the actual central processing facility. Centralized separation has historically been considered only a process to be carried out before waste combustion. Using it only to extract recyclables or reduce the volume of waste has never received much attention, largely because the savings were never comparable to its cost. Currently, the technology of recovering materials at the centralized processing facilities is well established. Shredding, magnetic separation of metals, air classification, and similar techniques have been successfully used for a number of years. This technology can extract recyclable materials, process recyclables previously separated at the source, and reduce the total volume of waste. It can also be adapted to produce refuse - derived fuel (RDF) for combustion or supplemental material for co- composting. Source separated materials can be processed at such facilities or waste can be sent to other locations. CENTRALIZED PROCESSING Centralized processing, also called central processing, is defined as the processing of mixed municipal waste collected from within a designated area at a single facility. Centralized processing facilities have a capacity to process large volumes of waste for the purpose of volume reduction and /or resource recovery; some facilities accomplish both. Centralized processing has the potential of achieving the greatest percentage of volume reduction in solid waste management. /6 The types of centralized separation procedures include mass burn waste incineration, refuse - derived fuel production, and composting /co- composting. The incineration processes are able to produce steam for use as heat and, through co- generation, electricity. Aerobic composting produces heat and composted humus, while anaerobic composting produces methane gas which can be captured. The following is a more detailed description of the various types of centralized processing facilites. Mass Burn A mass burn system incinerates waste in virtually the same condition it is delivered to the facility. Prior to incineration, waste is usually mixed by front -end loaders or grapple cranes and undesirable material is removed. Some facilities also mechanically or hand separate recyclables before the remaining waste is incinerated. Most mass burn technologies have a primary chamber which incinerates the waste and moves the burning waste horizontally from the point of charging to the point of discharge. Refuse - Derived Fuel Refuse - derived fuel processing significantly alters the condition of solid waste before it is burned. As with mass burn, many RDF facilities mechanically or hand separate recyclables before the remaining waste is processed. When waste is processed for refuse - derived fuel, goals are to: 1) reduce the size of waste to give better, more consistent burning characteristics; 2) classify the materia's received to increase the heat value. A series of shredders, hammer mills, and air knives classify the waste to produce a product that is lightweight, uniform in size, and has a greater energy value per unit than a comparable unit of unprocessed solid waste. Following production, the refuse - derived fuel can be used in its original form (fluff), it can be densified to enhance its handling characteristics, or it can be dehydrated and densified to yield a product which can be stored. Composting /Co- composting A third type of centralized processing is composting /co- composting. A biological process which occurs naturally, composting can yield both energy and material that can be utilized. There are two different processes that can be emp'oyed; aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic composting takes place in the presence of sufficient or excess oxygen; the microbes active in aerobic composting produce heat but do not produce methane gas. Anaerobic composting takes place in conditions which are oxygen starved; microbes active in anaerobic composting produce both heat and methane gas. 7 Both aerobic and anaerobic composting produce humus and heat. Heat is generated during the processes due to activity by microbes. This heat can be utilized for such purposes as heating buildings and preheating water. Because of the many different types of centralized processing and the significant impact centralized processing has on decreasing the sheer magnitude of solid waste generated by our society, centralized processing facilities will continue to be expanded in the future. LAND DISPOSAL Asa method of waste management, land disposal is thought of as a last resort; although, until recent years, land disposal of solid waste has been the primary method of managing the metropolitan area's mixed municipal solid waste. Land disposal has occurred in a range of environments, from uncontrolled, polluting, unaesthetic open burning dumps, to landfills that, when properly designed and operated, have less chance of causing serious pollution problems. A critical concern regarding any land disposal facility is to what extent the waste material can escape into the soil and groundwater and adversely affect the surrounding environment and water supplies. New land disposal facilities should be located, and modern technology incorporated into their design, to reduce public health and environmental risk. Another important consideration is controlling the type of wastes going into the land disposal facility. In recent years, compliance with increasingly rigorous and detailed standards for environmental protection have increased the cost of land disposal. It is estimated that, in the future, waste reduction and resource recovery will reduce significantly the need for land disposal but will not eliminate it entirely. Landfills for municipal solid waste will be necessary on a short -term basis while reduction and recovery systems are developing. They will also be necessary for the waste that cannot be processed and for the residue from recovery operations. However, increasingly in the future, land disposal of solid waste will be kept at an absolute minimum. III. REVIEW OF CONCEPTS AND VENDORS - Since August of 1986, the SWAC has studied and discussed the folowing issues and concepts with the listed resource persons. A. Metropolitan Council Mandate - Jim Uttley B. Dakota County Waste Abatement Planning - Warren Wilson C. Dakota County Hazardous Waste Planning - George Kinney D. Goodwill Industries - Attended Donation Center - Del Edwards E. MSD /Supercycle - Recycling Redemption Center, Curbside Collection, Reverse Vending - Linda Bartels F. Rohn Industries - Business Paper Recycling - Dennis Fields G. Reuter Resource Recovery - Centralized Separation and Refuse Derived Fuel - Doug Reuter and Jerry Misukanis H. Waste Management Inc. - Co- Composting - Lanny Ross I. Tours - Reuter RDF Facility and 3M Hazardous Waste Incinerator J. Monitoring Legislation - Organized Collection and Container Deposit K. Monitoring Citizens League Recycling Study IV. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS A. General Findings 1. The mandate for solid waste management clearly states the responsibility of cities to implement a landfill abatement strategy. The nature of such a strategy may be flexible within certain paramaters, the most specific parameter being that source separation opportunities be made available within communities. 2. The Solid Waste Abatement Commission's first responsibility is to define a strategy to meet Eagan's waste abatement needs. In addition, the Commission may advise the Council concerning recommendations for County action to facilitate waste abatement in Eagan. 3. While the City will benefit from cooperation with the County, the City should not unnecessarily limit its options for waste management and waste abatement if effective alternatives are present. 4. Landfill abatement through recycling, etc. has a positive effect on the Metropolitan systems and environment by reducing landfill use and resource contamination while reducing demand for non - renewable resources. 5. A system which includes waste reduction, reuse and recycling is preferable to one which does not because it optimizes the use /? of non - renewable resources. 6. Waste management is a public service due to its health, safety and welfare implications. In the past, Eagan has provided for this public service through privatization by free enterprise. 7. Recycling, due to its larger public purpose of reducing environmental and other impacts, can be viewed as part of that public service. 8. The private sector and market may continue to provide a mechanism for waste abatement, given appropriate conditions. However, government mechanisms may be necessary to guide market forces and to quantify hidden costs. 9. Education and the modification of waste disposal habits will be the keys to any successful waste abatement strategy. 10. The City Code currently prohibits any method of waste disposal other than in area landfills. Recycling, composting and other means of landfill abatement will require an amendment of the Code. Because organized collection, curb -side recycling and other potential changes in the waste management system will also require City Code modifications, such amendments should be approached in a comprehensive manner (See Appendix A). B. Recycling and Resource Recovery 1. Given an adequate delivery system and incentive structure, recyclable resources can be effectively removed from the waste stream. 2. The Metropolitan Council targets for waste abatement cannot be met by the 1988 deadline, due to the stage of Dakota County's waste management development. The City would be premature in implementing any comprehensive waste abatement strategy until the County program is better developed. 3. Convenience and a sense of personal benefit will be keys to the implementation of a recycling program. Where a clear public purpose or economic benefit are perceived by the public (WW II metal and rubber drives, deposit bottles, etc.) waste reduction, reuse and recycling have been accepted by the public. 4. Source separation of recyclables maintains the integrity of most recyclables better than centralized or mechanized separation. Both the Metropolitan Council and Dakota County have mandated that cities provide source separation alternatives as a part of their ao waste abatement /management strategies. 5. No recycling program will receive 100% compliance and, therefore, there is a need for centralized separation technologies to effectively remove recoverable resources. The costs of such centralized processing should be focused on those who do not source separate, thereby contributing to the economic incentive structure of the waste mangement system. 6. Residential and business recycling needs are of a different character and must be addressed separately. C. Economic Considerations 1. The current open hauling system, with relatively inexpensive land disposal, does not address landfill abatement objectives and will have to be modified by new market realities, rate structures, local regulation and /or public demand for waste abatement. 2. The type of centralized processing technology adopted by the County may dramatically impact the nature of the waste abatement obligations of the City and the costs it may have to bear. Likewise, the types processing technologies not chosen may represent lost opportunity costs for communities faced with implementing the system. 3. While source separated recyclables are generally of higher quality, the extra effort of each source separating household or business is a hidden cost. Source separation strategies will require economic realities which reward separation. 4. Volume based fees will be an essential element of an effective waste abatement strategy. 5. The County is in a unique position to affect the rate structure and the economic realities of recycling due to its intention to designate County wastes to a centralized processing facility. By charging more for mixed wastes and less for that with recyclables removed, the County facility can encourage recycling through the market mechanism and reduce the need for unnecessary public expenditures. 6. Certain abatement alternatives will benefit from centralization among cities or for the County as a whole due to economies of scale. V. DRAFT STRATEGY FOR WASTE ABATEMENT The City of Eagan Solid Waste Abatement Commission recommends a strategy which considers the role of ladf Dakota County in defining the waste abatement realities of its cities. It also recognizes the functional opportunity afforded the City to influence the shape of the County's waste management system. In the immediate future, the City would be best served by a conservative approach to waste abatement which functions to provide recycling and waste reduction alternatives to residents and businesses at a minimal public cost. As Dakota County's waste abatement system evolves, the City's can mature with it to address community needs in the future. A general description of such a system is outlined below. The Solid Waste Abatement Commission recommends that the City of Eagan: A. Provide voluntary recycling and source separation opportunities to Eagan residents at the least possible public cost and through the private sector where possible (recycling centers, compost, business recycling). B. Provide voluntary waste reduction alternatives like back yard composting through ordinance amendment. C. Address hazardous waste collection issues including physical collection, costs and liability. D. Ammend portions of the City Code pertinent to refuse management to provide for waste abatement and recycling alternatives. Define acceptable waste reduction strategies and facilitate their implementation. E. Analyze collection and recycling alternatives through the Organized Collection Study. Prepare to implement as rising disposal costs increase incentives to source separate and centrally separate. F. Recommend that Dakota County: 1. Choose a central processing alternative which includes a centralized separation component. 2. Identify the preferred central processing technology and the City obligations and costs it implies prior to enactment of the designation ordinance. 3. Implement a rate structure for the processing facility which encourages source separation by passing through the real costs of mixed waste processing. 4. Centralize and coordinate programs which will benefit from economies of scale: centralized separation, compost, recycling markets, etc. 5. Act or require the central facility to act as a market of last resort for recycling contractors and programs, haulers and residents. 6. Standardize education materials for schools and cities to help develop habits and 402OZ attitudes for separation and recycling. 7. Specifically request a blanket exclusion from the Metropolitan Council's 1988 mandatory source separation requirement for all Dakota County cities to allow them to come into compliance as the County implements its waste processing facility. G. Develop a comprehensive waste management system combining appropriate public and private elements by modifying and expanding upon these initial recommendations. Such modification to be consistent with the development of Dakota County's waste management program (See Appendix B). H. Possible Alternatives - A set of four possible alternatives has been prepared for consideration. These are intended to illustrate the combination of tactics in the development of a strategy, but are not all- inclusive (See Appendix C). VI. CONCLUSION The City of Eagan has a mandated public policy obligation to address landfill and solid waste abatement in the immediate future. The mandate will require some expenditure of public funds and public effort, but such costs can be substantially mitigated by the proper application of incentives to and regulation of free enterprise. Dakota County is in a unique position to encourage recycling by establishing a two - tiered price structure for mixed and separated wastes at its centralized processing facility. The City of Eagan has an obligation to insure the provision of this service through the appropriate application of public and private effort. 023 APPENDIX A § 6.37 SEC. 6.37. GARBAGE AND REFUSE HAULERS. Subd. 1. Definitions. The following terms, as Jsed in this Section, shall have the meanings stated: A. "Garbage" means all putrescible wastes, including animal offal and carcasses of dead animals but excluding human excreta, sewage and other water - carried wastes. B. "Other refuse" means ashes, glass, crockery, cans, paper, boxes, rags and similar non - putrescible wastes but excluding sand, earth, brick, stone, concrete, trees, tree branches and wood. Subd. 2. License Required. It is unlawful for any person to haul garbage or other refuse for hire without a license therefor from the City, or to haul garbage or other refuse from his own residence or business property other than as herein excepted. Subd. 3. Exception. Nothing in this Section shall prevent persons from hauling garbage or other refuse from their own residences or business properties provided the following rules are observed: (1) that all garbage is hauled in containers that are water -tight on all sides and the bottom and with tight- fitting covers on top, (2) that all other refuse is hauled in vehicles with leak -proof bodies and completely covered or enclosed by canvas or other 153 -1 (8- 31 -85) a9 means or material so as to completely eliminate the possi- bility of loss of cargo, and, (3) that all garbage and other refuse shall be dumped or unloaded only at the designated sanitary land -fill. Subd. 4. Hauler Licensee Requirements. A. Hauler licenses shall be granted only upon the condition that the licensee have water -tight packer -type vehicles in good condition to prevent loss in transit of liquid or solid cargo, that the vehicle be kept clean and as free from offensive odors as possible and not allowed to stand in any street longer than reasonably neces- sary to collect garbage or refuse, and that the same be dumped or unloaded only at the designated sanitary land- fill, and strictly in accordance with regulations relating thereto. B. Before a garbage and refuse hauler's license shall be issued, the applicant shall file with the City Clerk - Treasurer evidence that he has provided public liability insurance on all vehicles in at least the sum of $100,000.00 for injury of one person, $300,000.00 for the injury of two or more persons in the same accident, and $50,000.00 for property damages. C. The Council, in the interest of maintain- ing healthful and sanitary conditions in the City, hereby reserves the right to specify and assign certain areas to all licensees, and to limit the number of licenses issued. D. Each applicant shall file with the City Clerk - Treasurer, before a garbage and refuse hauler's license is issued or renewed, a schedule of proposed rates to be charged by him during the licensed period for which the application is made. The schedule of proposed approved by rates, a compromise schedule thereof, shall be app Council before granting the license. Nothing herein shall prevent a licensee from petitioning the Council for review of such rates during the licensed period, and the Council may likewise consider such petition and make new rates effective at any time. No licensee shall charge rates in excess of the rates approved by the Council. E. No hauler operating on a route in a rei- dential district shall operate a truck on any City street when the weight of said vehicle exceeds eight ton per axle. F. No hauler shall operate in a residential district after 8:30 o'clock P.M. or before 5:30 o'clock A.M. of any day, and no hauler shall operate in a residential district on Sunday. G. Each vehicle for which a hauler's license is issued shall exhibit such license in a prominent position on said vehicle. (1 -1 -83) 154 CHAPTER 10 PUBLIC PROTECTION, CRIMES AND OFFENSES SECTION 10.01. STORAGE, DEPOSIT AND DISPOSAL OF REFUSE. Subd. 1. Definitions. The following terms, as used in this Section, shall have the meanings stated: A. "Refuse" - Includes all organic material resulting from the manufacture, preparation or servi;,o of fe, u or food products, and spoiled, aeca"ed or rro:, any source, oottles, o;,ns, g _Lassware, paper products, crockery, ashes, rags, and discarded cic:cn,, tree or lawn clippings, leaves, weeds and other waste prod± ucts, except human waste or waste resulting from building construction or demolition. B. "Residential Dwelling" - Any single building consisting of one through four dwelling units with individual kitchen facilities for each. C. "Multiple Dwelling" - Any building used fc residential purposes consisting of more than four dv.,- .1.1ing units with individual kitchen facilities for each. D. "Commercial Establishment" - Any premises wt,e: a commercial or industrial enterprise of any kind is caLri or;, and shall include restaurants, clubs, churches, and ;=cr,00ls where food is prepared or served. Subd. 2. Storage. A. It is unlawful for any person to store refuse on residential dwelling premises for more than one week. All such storage shall be in five to thirty gallon metal or plastic containers with tight- fitting covers, which shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition; provided, that tree leaves, weeds and grass clippings may be stored in plastic bags and tree limbs must be stored in bundles weighing no more than seventy -five pounds and no longer than four feet. B. It is unlawful for any person to store refuse on multiple dwelling premises for more than one week. Such storage shall be in containers as for residential dwelling premises, except that so- called "dumpsters" with close- fitting covers may be substituted. C. It is unlawful for any person to store refuse on commercial establishment premises for more than forty -eight hours. Such storage shall be in containers as for residential dwelling premises, except that so- called "dumpsters" with close- fitting covers may be substituted. D. It is unlawful to store organic refuse unless it is drained and wrapped. 226 (1 -1 -83) .26 Subd. 3. Deposit. It is unlawful for any person to deposit refuse from any source, rubbish, offal, or the body of a dead animal, in any place other than a sanitary landfill. Subd. 4. Fire Danger. It is unlawful for any person to store, deposit or dispose of any refuse which is in flames or heated to the point where it could cause danger of fire in other refuse. Subd. 5. Disposal. The Council may, by resolu- tion, adopt, and from time to time amend, adjust and revise such rules, regulations, rates and charges as it deems necessary or proper for the operation and management of the sanitary landfill. It may give notice of any such action as it deems necessary. SEC. 10.02. TOILET INSTALLATION REQUIRED. It is the duty of every owner or occupant of any property within the City, having a dwelling house or business building situated thereon, which property is abutting a street in which there are City water and sewer mains, to install a toilet in such dwelling or business building and make connection thereof with such water and sewer mains. The City shall serve written notice upon said owner or occupant requiring the installation of toilet facilities upon premises described in said notice, and connection thereof with the sewer and water mains, all of which shall be done within thirty days after service of such written notice. Whenever any owner or occupant shall default in compliance with such written notice the Council may by resolution direct that a toilet be installed and connection made with the water and sewer mains and that the actual cost of such installation be paid in the first instance out of the General Revenue Fund, and assessed against the property so benefited. After such installation and connection is completed by order of the Council, the City shall serve a written notice of intention to make an assessment therefor. If such assessment is not paid within ten days the City shall certify the amount thereof to the County Auditor in the same manner as with other special assessments, provided that the Council may by resolution provide that the assessment be spread over a term of five (5) years upon written request by the owner of the property. SEC. 10.03. MAINTENANCE OF INDIVIDUAL SEWERAGE SYSTEMS. It is unlawful for the owner or tenant of any premises to permit an individual sewage disposal system to overflow, or expose the contents thereof above ground. Source: City Code Effective Date: 1 -1 -83 (Sections 10.04 through 10.09, inclusive, reserved for future expansion.) (1 -1 -83) 227 027 APPENDIX B POTENTIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT MODEL 1988 -89 Drop -off Centers (Compost & Recycling) 1 (Collection Modifications & Education) 1989 -90 Routed Collection Alternatives (Rising Costs) 1990 -91 Increased Incentive to Separate 1991 -92 C m prehensive Waste Abatement System 028? APPENDIX C SCENARIO EXAMPLES I. Low Tech - Low Cost (Example: Attended donation center with compost program) A. Education - Emphasis on waste abatement, ease of separation, and location of donation centers B. Source Separation /Donation Centers - Location of one or more full- service donation centers (Costs dependent on number and responsibility) C. Yard Waste Composting - Maintenance of community program utilizing County system as market D. Collection - Require either volume -based fees or separate collection of recyclables E. Pros and Cons 1. Pros - Low cost - Limited City responsibility 2. Cons - Metropolitan Council requires mandatory separation if voluntary separation fails to meet targets. II. Low Tech - High Cost (Example: Curbside recyclable collection with donation center backup) A. Education - Emphasis on separation, convenience and relative costs B. Source Separation /Collection - Routed residential collection of separated recyclables, yard wastes, and mixed wastes. C. Yard Waste Composting - Full scale independent program to assure high quality compost and marketing. D. Donation Centers - Location of relatively few donation opportunities as safety valve for routed collection. E. Pros and Cons 1. Pros - Higher participation - Economies of scale 2. Cons - High cost - Possible duplication with County programs C29 III. High Tech - Low Cost (Example: Reliance on County intermediate processing with voluntary programs) A. Education - Minimal B. Source Separation - Limited to hazardous and special wastes and voluntary programs C. Collection /Intermediate Processing - Designate all wastes to County facility and rely on it for separation D. Pros and Cons 1. Pros - Low cost - No need to change disposal habits 2. Cons - Metropolitan Council and County plans require source separation - Reduces quality of recovered recyclables IV. High Tech - High Cost (Example: City participation in RDF or co- compost system) A. Education - High intensity - locally managed B. Source Separation - Variable depending upon technology, allowing for voluntary programs C. Collection /Processing - Locally managed waste processing system D. Intermediate Processing - Locally managed and operated E. Pros and Cons 1. Pros -Local direction 2. Cons -Costs and duplication - County designation of wastes limits viability 30 v. City of Eagan 1990 Recycling Program Work Plan Date program Element 1/30/90 Community Annual Report. 2/01/90 Continue early program promotion- Multi- family recycling program. Payment #1. 3/01/90 Ongoing program promotion. 4T Yard Waste information- compost site, mulching, etc. * &4 - 121,Jewil ry Program Update- One year anniversary. �,,,�4/01/90 Multi- family setup ongoing. Progress Report #1 Due. 4/15/90 Tonnage reports due from haulers (first quarter). 5/01/90 Payment #2. 6/01/90 Ongoing Commercial /Industrial recycling program setup, monitoring. School Presentations 7/01/90 Program Revision Deadline. Progress Report #2 Due. 7/15/90 Tonnage reports due from haulers (second quarter). 8/01/90 Payment #3. 9/01/90 Program Promotion ongoing. 10/01/90 County Program Application Due- 1991. Progress Report for payment 114 due. 10/15/90 Tonnage reports due from haulers (third quarter). 11/01/90 Payment 44. 12/30/90 Multi - family recycling program ongoing. 3