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HomeMy WebLinkAbout09/03/1986 - Solid Waste Abatement Commission (2)CITY OF EAGAN SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION AGENDA WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 3, 1986 4:30 P.M. I. ROLL CALL AND APPROVAL OF MINUTES II. OLD BUSINESS A. Review of Compost Awareness Survey Results B. Recommendation of Additional Members III. NEW BUSINESS A. Solid Waste Abatement Concepts IV. OTHER BUSINESS V. ADJOURNMENT MEMO TO: SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION MEMBERS FROM: ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT HOHENSTEIN DATE: AUGUST 27, 1986 SUBJECT: SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION MEETING FOR SEPTEMBER 3, 1986 A meeting of the Eagan Solid Waste Abatement Commission is scheduled for Wednesday, September 3, 1986, at 4:30 p.m., in the Eagan Municipal Center Conference Rooms A and B. Please contact Jon Hohenstein at 454 -8100 if you are unable to attend this meeting. The following discussion is intended to provide background on those items to be reviewed at the meeting on Wednesday. I. MINUTES A copy of the minutes of the Eagan Solid Waste Abatement Commission meeting of August 20, 1986, is enclosed for your review on page (s) _ ,J . These minutes, subject to any change, require approval by the committee. II. OLD BUSINESS A. Review of Compost Awareness Survey Results - At the direction of the Commission, Staff has undertaken a brief telephone survey of area residents to gauge awareness of the City compost program, recycling services and the City clean -up promotion. A list of area residents was randomly selected from the City's utility billing list. Staff has been directed to target between 50 and 100 persons for responses. At the preparation of this memo, the survey is underway but not yet completed. Results of the survey will be made available to the Commission at its Wednesday meeting. A copy of the survey form is attached on page b for your review. The results of the survey may be used to help find the promotional strategy the Commission would like to follow with respect to the current waste abatement alternatives. In the past, the City has advertised its waste abatement activities in the local newspapers, the City Newsletter, church bulletins, postings at retail establishments, compost site flyers and local cable television. The City has yet to utilize paid advertising, mailings through local utilities, direct mail programs or in- school educational promotions. There are also alternatives not listed here which may be considered for publicity. Commission members may provide additional input in determining the best means to publicize the various elements of the City's current solid waste abatement effort. Staff will provide examples of publicity in materials used to date to promote this and other programs. ACTION TO BE CONSIDERED ON THIS ITEM: To provide direction to Staff in promotions for current solid waste abatement activities. B. Recommedation of Additional Members - Since the last meeting, one additional hauler has expressed interest in serving on the Solid Waste Abatement Commission. That individual is Mr. Duane Soutor of Action Disposal System. His application for membership is being held by the City Administrator's office until the publication of the next City Newsletter, in which the availability of additional appointments to the Solid Waste Commission is advertised. The City will entertain letters from interested parties through the end of September and the City Council will make additional appointments to the Commission at its October 7 meeting. Current members who know of individuals who may be interested in serving on the Commission may make such persons known to the City at this time. Those individuals should be asked to forward a letter to the City indicating their interest and their relationship to solid waste abatement, either as a citizen or a business. ACTION TO BE CONSIDERED ON THIS ITEM: Recommendations of additional members to the Solid Waste Abatement Commission may be made at this time. III. NEW BUSINESS A. Solid Waste Abatement Concepts - For purposes of this business item, please refer to your Solid Waste Abatement Staff Report pages 6 through 13. This section covers the basic concepts and alternatives available to the community for waste abatement. The Commission will review each of these conceptual alternatives to provide groundwork for its consideration of possible waste abatement strategies. To provide additional background in this area from an industry periodical, Larry Knutson has provided the excerpts from "Waste Age" for your review. These copies are included in your packet on page(s) '1 -tI Specific proposals and detail work on certain alternatives will be the subject of future Commission meetings. ACTION TO BE CONSIDERED ON THIS ITEM: This item will provide background to the Commission and no action is required on it at this time. IV. OTHER BUSINESS V. ADJOURNMENT The committee will adjourn at or about 6:00 p.m. Ad istrative Assistant cc: City Administrator Hedges City Planner Runkle JH /mc MINUTES OF SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION Eagan, Minnesota August 20, 1986 A regular meeting of the Eagan Solid Waste Abatement Committee was held on Wednesday, August 20, 1986, at the Eagan Municipal Center at 4:30 p.m. The following members were present: Larry Knutson, Earl Milbridge, Tom Mann and Jon Hohenstein. Absent were Darlene Bakr and Delmer DeBilzan. Also present was City Administrator Tom Hedges. ROLL CALL AND WELCOME City Administrator Hedges welcomed the committee members and provided a brief description of the duties and expectations of the Commission appointees. He indicated that the Commission members were chosen for their expertise and interest in the area of solid waste abatement. He described the parameters of the City Council charged to the Commission to develop a solid waste abatement strategy for the City of Eagan. OVERVIEW OF SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION PURPOSE Administrative Assistant Hohenstein provided a brief review of the state law and Metropolitan Council guidelines which require source separation of solid waste. He indicated that the disposal of mixed municipal solid waste in sanitary landfills will be prohibited in 1991. While the disposal of certain materials in landfills will continue, it will be necessary for waste producers to remove glass, aluminum, newsprint, corrugated cardboard, high grade office paper and yard wastes from the waste stream through voluntary or mandatory efforts by 1988. He indicated that the Commission has been asked to develop its strategy within the parameters of the deadlines above and the county solid waste master plan currently in preparation. Administrative Assistant Hohenstein then introduced a draft mission statement for the City of Eagan Solid Waste Abatement Commission. Commission members reviewed the statements but indicated that it would be more appropriate to take action on it when all members could be present. Following such discussion, upon motion by Knutson, seconded by Milbridge, all members voting in favor, action on the mission statement of the Solid Waste Abatement Commission was continued to a future meeting. STAFF REPORT REVIEW The Commission next discussed several elements of the current solid waste abatement activities in the community and the Solid Waste Abatement Staff Report. Mann indicated that education and publicity would be an essential element in the development of the solid waste abatement strategy and indicated that community awareness of the compost program could be improved. The members suggested a brief telephone survey to determine community awareness of the compost program, City clean up day and recycling alternatives. Results of the survey will be reviewed at the next Solid Waste 4. Abatement Commission meeting. The Commission indicated that a conserved effort to publicize the compost program, clean up day and recycling alternatives be made immediately after the study is completed to improve community use and awareness of the waste abatement alternatives through the fall. The Commission indicated that it was important to focus on publicizing the compost program as a test case for waste abatement in the community. INITIAL MEETING SCHEDULE The Commission tentatively scheduled its next 2 meetings at two week intervals. The meetings are to be on Wednesday, September 3, 1986 at 4:30 p.m. and Wednesday, September 17, 1986 at 4:30 p.m. Both meetings will be held at the Eagan Municipal Center. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL MEMBERS Administrative Assistant Hohenstein indicated that the current Commission appointments consist of 6 members representing various community perspectives. Up to 3 more Commission members may be apointed, preferably one private citizen, one refuse hauler and one representative of the Public Service Organization. Administrative Assistant Hohenstein requested that Commission members give consideration to acquaintenances who may be interested in serving on the Commission. Recommended individuals should make their interests known to the City Administrator's office and the City Council will consider them for appointment to the Commission. The Commission suggested that press coverage of the beginning of their deliberations be encouraged and that such media coverage include a reference to the need for additional members. ORGANIZATIONAL BUSINESS Administrative Assistant Hohenstein reviewed the possibility of the Commission electing a chairman to lead discussions and act as facilitator at Commission meetings. The Commission indicated that it would prefer to take up that item in the future when all members might be present to participate in the decision. ADJOURNMENT The meeting was adjourned at 6:45 p.m. J DH Date .6. SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT AWARENESS SURVEY Hello, this is calling from the City of Eagan. Do you have a couple of minutes to answer 3 questions about waste abatement. (If not, ask if you can all back at a better time as the City is very interested in their response). la. Are you aware that the City of Eagan operates a free compost program for leaves, garden wastes, and grass clippings on Saturdays from noon -6:00 p.m., just south of City Hall? (If no, repeat Yes hours, location & materials). (If yes, do #1b.) No 1b. If so, have you used the site to dispose of com- Yes post materials? No 2a. Are you aware of other recycling opportunities available in or around the City of Eagan? (If Yes yes, do #2b) No 2b. If so, which recycling services do you use? Goodwill Contract Beverages Scout Groups Church Groups Other (describe) 3a. Are you aware of the City Clean -Up and Recycling Days held at City Hall in the spring and fall? Yes (If yes, do #3b) No 3b. If so, have you ever disposed of recyclables or other materials at the Clean -Up and Recycling Yes Days? No Thank you for your time and if you have any questions about recycling or compo please contact Jon Hohenstein at City Hall and the phone number here is 454 -8100. t,. ajY ` ' '" Editor's Desk Eeem i 1 Recyclin g has a future ,... I . It all comes down to mar- worst cases above. Truly, and incineration —when it is S kets. And, in the famed Wall New Jersey state officials economically feasible. Street advice of J. P. Morgan, have exceeded all others in Given the current market markets will fluctuate. avoiding making the hard conditions, such a statement Based on that, we believe decisions. is taken by some to be a i that someday in the future— Minnesota has done at non - endorsement of recy- the sooner the better for all Least one crazy thing: ban- concerned — professional cling. These folks have a managers and re ning waste tire lan short memory, ry, and an even waste recy- without providing an alter- shorter attention span cling advocates will be in the nate disposal means As a Markets will fluctuate. The I same comer. result, every unrecappable price paid for waste paper For now, however, they tire taken from a car or will be are sharply divided. While higher than it is truck in the state this year today; it also may be lower. E some of the less - intellec- has gone to a stockpile! The same is true for all other tually- honest proponents of But there are "best cases"; recyclables. �~ recycling are claiming that we think we've presented What's more, at long last 40 %, 60 %, or even 80% of a two of them in this issue, in the price of waste disposal ks' given city's trash can be Cliff Ronnenberg and Gary going up! New Subtitle 13 t reclaimed and reused, waste Petersen of California. These re k managers (haulers and city gulations, which EPA is � � ; gentlemen have staked a promising will significantly • ) . • officials) are finding it diffi- good part of their financial alter the way refuse is land- t t cult to truly recycle quan- well -being on making a go of filled, will raise the cost of ' tities approaching 10% rec c without losing money. Y ling ' that option. In interviews with each, And if you figure in federal By "truly, we mean collect the same sentiment was tax reform's to tax rate of 1 the stuff and sell it, too. repeated: "the market is 27% (reducing the appeal of9 Until someone buys and In fact, t reuses a thing, it has not �� us." fact, a per- municipal bonds) and the V ,.; been reuses a thing, centage of the material each likelihood of continued lnwwi Those crazy high per has handled in the past two (under $28 a barrel, at least) centage projections have pro- years P i ces has been sold at a loss; oil r cutting the amount • k` that, of course, amounts to a Plant operators are paid fol. Il: duced sad ends. Consider subsidy of recycling by these. energy, you can project future'* Minnesota, which wants to two for -profit companies. resource rernvery pl ban landfills. Its biggest city, Note that neither Petersen, ti Minneapolis, has sharply cur the retailer, nor Ronnenberg, When , Wh e fee increase*. st e disposer tailed its recycling effort n a waste disposer �• beca i drained from the wholesaler, has aban- can save money by recycling, kw be to ra ned00 doned the recycling business. he should (and no doubt They've heard about this will) consider that evaluating t ' annually from the treasury. Morgan fella, they rec c Then there's New Jersey. and the Y Y erefo economics. While legislators debate a believe what he had to sa . Therefore, even without law making recycling manda higher prices paid for recycl tory, officials in several pro- NI ables, recycling is likely to bel fk a big hit in the 1990s. That's 4 gressive communities are Many advocates of boosting >w cutting their pioneering recycling per- ' hauler to unrealistic no reason for into the i efforts back. This in a state s get nto the busi - k"" centages do so because they It ness in a big way today. is, '$ where (a) less than two either want to avoid siting years of existing landfill however, a stimulant for ' the next landfill or to kill off e capacity exists, and (b) professional waste managers* w c waste-to-energy and ( b will a propos waste- burner. - to look hard at the equip not be on-line for at least We don't think recycling meet and strategies currently' should have its image sullied used in this country and in ' three years ... by such people. Recycling others, and to perhaps "ti has a part to play in any toe" into recycling, to be !I 1 waste management scheme, ready for the future. You could say we picked the right in there with landfilling — J.A.S. 4 Waste Age/July 1986 5 4 - I k: t News Breaks Contd. r s., Minneapol haulers see losses in recycling i . If you're considering a recy- $13,891 (about $15 a tonr taken directly to the recy- recylcables, the program may x cling program, your first But Kutter alleges that the clers. No employees were be teetering Y question should not be "How mg on the verge oft 4 N report understates expenses. involved in separating the collapse (see the May Waste much will I save ?," says He points out that only $82 materials. president of P Age, page ow i Chuck Kutter, P is allocated for administrative Despite the economics, Kutter, however, sees an Minneapolis Refuse, Inc. costs; and nothing is listed MRI submitted a proposal in opportunity to pick up the Kutter says the first ques- for some other overhead December, 1982, to extend lions should be along the costs. pieces. MRI placed what lines should ould much will this the recycling contract. Under Kutter believes is a realistic l' • Because MRI was already the proposal, the company's bid for city-wide recycling ? cost ?," and "What's the rela- established, Kutter says, recycling service would have collection a tionship between recycling these overhead costs were been linked to a five-year Tho gain s h w year and my refuse collection taken for r ugh contract which granted and not ref operation ?" de refuse collection contract. began in June were given to delineated. "To be accurate, The city's fee for recycling other contractors, Kutter Kutter speaks from experi- you should add $5 to $10 a would have been increased believes that given the bids ence. MRI, a consortium of ton to the expenses." If so, to $20 per ton (from the $17 (about $37 a ton), the city 50 private hauling firms that MRI's cost is closer to a ton the company had may collect refuse from about half $55,000 for about 949 tons of received)—with p Y Y yet come to his of the city's residences recyclables collected; leaving the company consortium. of the s), residences de participated a loss of roughly � responsible for promotion If the city does negotiate 6 ( 0 0 stop in the Minns over six months. $25,000 The service would have been with the company, Kutter r: onths. expanded city -wide says, "we won't make a apolis Curbside Recycling Another point Kutter exclu demonstration project. makes is that he used older ( pre-existing pro- get into but lowe sing aren't ro going to grams) and included all get into a losing proposition - Minneapolis first looked at trucks "which were made to colors of glass, cardboard, either." a recycling program in 1981, look like new." The compa- used motor oil, and car when annual disposal costs ny's collection trailers were batteries. jumped from $1.6 million to new, though. The company would prob $2.6 million. MRI was one of "If you are looking at aj ably have broken even on PEPCO subsidia -` three participating con - recycling program, you are the contract, Kutter says, but 10 join plant purchase tis tractors. looking at a $55 -a -ton cost,i profit wasn't the point of the ,• From a financial point of and that doesn't include' program. The more you do ' An investment subsidiary of a view, recycling was unattrac- profit," he sa s. During five to the MRI consortiu �� the for the city, the better off ? Potomac Electric Power ;•,,,,..,' �• Minnesota Refuse you are By participating in a Co. —the utility which has ` consortium project, Min ro According to a report on the serviced 18 neighborhoods or the `' city curbside ec c program, it would help � refused to burn refuse in its " � �' project, s d e re cd ling about 33,000 residents. The guarantee our garbage con -i* power plant boilers (see May ' "'�� company collected the mate- tract. It's good public ' Waste Age), may J '°=' Kutter's company paid out rials on a once -a -month a $43,622 between July and relations. soon be a part owner of a . ;.,9;:m $43 $43,622 between July and d basis, a two truck- "We make our livelihood planned 1,650 TPD refuse - .. ' ( trailer system, consisting of a on our garbage contracts, so, burni plant in San Marcos, ki x a ton) and received revenues single axle dump body truck we figured we didn't have to Calif. The investor - owned '• — on the recy from the sale of newspaper, towing a double axle trailer. make a profit h utility put � ?' glass, aluminum cans, and Usually two employees utili will reportedly P • ut u e :. -, loyees col- cling program." roughly $25 million, about steel cans of $29,731 (about lected material, but some- ' $31 a ton). Minneapolis rejected MRI's half of the facility's total :: ';pf{ times three and four proposal for several reasons. equity investment. So according to the report, employees were needed. City officials believed the city r eff: the company's net loss was Collected materials were would be better served by r.� t tt .. ... multiple contractors with ;. :, Group goes under; R °; Gas prices to drop shorter contract terms to ?COn increase the level of competi insurance blamed :,`.Site Commercial natural gas The bright side: the rat y lion; and that the recycling T 'e"' ling The ruck Body & Equip- , ,.eXp prices will decline 18% over ural gas "bubble " — excess contract should be kept sep- , ment Association, based in r' '= % the next three years, supply —will decline in size arate from refuse collection. " Washington, D.C., told its • ,: - } r� according to George H. Law- rapidly over the same period. Since then, Minneapolis members recently that it is C�St rence, president of the The bubble is projected to has expanded its recycling dissolving ' itself ; , ; ,st, American Gas Association. be one trillion cubic feet by i primarily +: y program to a city -wide oiler- because it can no longer 4 bale This will have an impact on 1990; in 1985, it was 3.6 tril- ation using other contractors. obtain insurance coverage at ` the prices paid for natural lion cubic feet. Due to low participatioq reasonable prices. �' "} gar• - rates and low prices foil M 12 WasteApdJrly 1986 44: -A 1' d j vrf)�.. St F 1 .� F ive Perspectives O na 6 y„ S z i 5,. ti ,' a„& "kt ' '.- N ',* ,„,,,,,„:,,,,,,,,..„.„...,.....,,„,„,vs :; fi-,'\'' vt,s1,44.v...,..,,-)4:::,:::::c.,.,.. ,..z 4 ti '- 4.‘''".; ': )0 le -: t rrt;4":,..: b):: rf- "---;::%" ,.„..„..,,,,,,,,„, , .,..,,, , „,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,i„,........„..,,,,,,„,,..„,...„,,,,, ,,,, .,...,,,, .., - - y , - ” a , q:. 14) -!•4 , V" .4 - ` 'i . a P ✓ p ' y ;s -' 4 # 8 s_'r " 3 - `_ ` L '� ”' 2@$ r= x *‘." ;,V" -'t' ,' t t-; " '' . t R e c ' certainly is a hot paper even though the demand for existing stocks is I c3' �g Y + topic right now, especially in strictly limited. r if i ' 1 cities, states, and regions As a result, the usual supply channels are circumna- where existing sanitary land- vigated, and the high taxes paid by the average citizen fills are nearing capacity and for the removal of his domestic waste are also leading new solid waste disposal facilities are not being sited to the suffocation of paper collections organised by quickly enough The following "forum" of sorts presents charities and the recycling industry. several interesting viewpoints on the subject, all of recent vintage, from agencies, individuals, and groups If We Cant �o It . with a heavy stake in the future of recycling Calvin Lieberman, quoted below, is the special Th e View in Europe assistant to the president for environment and legis- lation at The following is an exact reprint of a press release the Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel These remarks were included in a presentation he made issued on April 2 in Brussels by the Bureau Inferno- last year to a Conference on Materials Recycling tional de la Recuperation, the international recy- sponsored by the New York State Legislative Commis - N cling group. The headline on the release: 'Huge sion on Solid Waste Management Subsidised Waste Paper Stocks Undermine European Market" The scrap industry has been so successful over the years in recycling millions of tons of materials, that we According to waste paper traders, the current system can understand the attraction to use this means to of collecting and stocking domestic waste paper is pre- reduce disposal of wastes. However, one must carefully cipitating a crisis in the industry similar to that caused examine what "recycling" means, as well as just why all by the European Community's agricultural policy. wastes cannot be and are not candidates for this In 1984, the economic climate favoured the paper approach industry and this, in turn, increased the demand —at First, one must • realize that despite the best efforts realistic price levels —for the secondary raw material: of our industry to recycle just one important item, fer- waste paper. rous, commonly called iron or steel, the last report by In 1986, demand continues at a high level, but prices Robert R. Nathan Associates showed almost 744 million have plunged to a point that makes the commercial tons of iron and steel scrap available in the United collection and sale of waste paper an uneconomic States at the end of 1983. Add to that the enormous proposition. tonnage of 80,000 tons per day of ferrous, and we have The deterioration in this situation can be attributed over a 20 -year supply at the current rate of to the increasing tendency of municipalities and pn- vate companies employed by them —to become involved in the collection of domestic waste papery These activities are, to a large extent, subsidised by consumption. ' Now here is an industry founded, and operating, solely within the recycling concept — unable to find a home for all of the available scrap iron in the country. taxes paid by householders for the disposal of their Matched against that'situation is the proposal that refuse. "recycling" should be increased. To make matters worse, legal authorities often have What is really meant, I am afraid, is not "recycling" to pay considerable sums to private organisations to but "recovery" of materials, in the vague hope that they remove the huge amounts of waste paper already col- can be sold and remelted to make new products. The lected. In the Federal Republic of Germany, for , important question therefore is, put simply: if we,, example, the local authorities continue to collect waste, (the scrap industry) can't do it, then how can anyone t Waste Age/July 1996 29 q. Recycling Contd. else do it? e . - `'products in price and quality. ... We should not gild the lily, you deserve better. At the moment and for the immediate future, recycling of materials will have minimal impact upon your landfill Citizens Group's Questions problems at best, and will be an expensive distraction A recent report from a citizen advisory group in of funds and attention at worst. We wish it were other- Pennsauken 7burnship, Pa, on solid waste disposal • wise. — Calvin Lieberman options included the following ng section on recycling. The savings associated with recycling are derived from The PQA Law two sources: revenues obtained from selling the mate- • rials, and savings realized by avoiding disposal fees at1 y Richard Keller, manager, procurement and waste the landfill for the material that is recycled To sully managemen4 for the State of Maryland's Department realize the aformentioned savings, the materials to be of Natural Resources' Energy Office, made the fol- collected must be carefully selected and should possess lowing points in a longer presentation at the 1985 two qualities: Solid Waste Forum sponsored by the Association of 1. They should have an interested and competitive t State and Territorial Solid Waste Management buyer; Officials. 2. They should com • prise prise a significant portion of the Landfill capacity, siting, cost, and environmental factors, municipal waste stream to afford actual landfill savings particularly in the Northeast, have caused many state when recycled. and local officials to closely examine recycling as an The only material currently satisfying both re alternative to landfilling. Such states as Pennsylvania quirements is used newspaper, in that it represents and New Jersey are proposing dramatic increases in approximately 8% of the municipal waste stream and recycling rates and fundings for recycling programs. has a market price of between $5 and $25 per ton. At the same time, however, recycling markets are at Pennsauken has done reasonably well when you con extremely depressed levels. This raises the important sider that, as of September, 1985, used newspaper was question of where will these materials go after they are being sold at only 25/100 weight. The Township is collected? Without adequate markets, the cost of col- receiving approximately $6.50 per ton per month aver - lecting the materials will most probably exceed the rev August through October. When this figure is enue derived from the sale of materials. added to the cost avoidance figure (the dollars saved by not landfilling), Pennsauken is averaging approxi- One program to create markets is governmental pure chases of recycled products, such as recycled paper.; mately $38 per ton in revenue. Governments need a commitment to buying recycled 1 But it is costing Pennsauken $254 per ton per products to assure effective recycling programs. month to collect the used newspapers a deficit of T understand how to make affirmative procurement $216 per ton per month. Pennsauken Township can- programs work, let me explain the PQA Law of Recy- 1 not be compared to other communities in tipping fee cling. PQA stands for Price, Quality, and Availability./ cost avoidance because of Pennsauken's host com - Any recycling program can be understood by PQA; as munity benefits... an example, a community recycling program must get a good price (P) for materials, must meet the vendors' Other recyclables 4 quality (Q) specifications, and must have available (A) comprise only 5% ( ) Aluminum cans, on the other hand, com markets and be available to the public. of the waste stream and offer no chance of disposal In establishing an affirmative procurement program savings. However, at $600 to $800 per ton, this material for recycled materials, the price (P) must be competi- is extremely valuable. five with virgin materials, the quality (Q) must be com- Glass, which com petitive, and the recycled products must be available comprises up to 8% of the municipal solid waste, is the second most commonly recycled (A) in the marketplace. Maryland, California and New i item. Glass represents approximately 10% of the York have managed successful programs for buying 1 municipal waste stream, which would realize a signifi- recycled paper products, and have found available recy- cant disposal savings. Recycled glass has recently been sled paper products which are comparable to virgin affected by 30 Waste AgeJJuy 1986 10• i Recycling Contd. t 4 - 1 Container manufacturer's twitchto for bev- ' Nearby county loses money z - 'erage containers. , 2. An influx of green and amber crushed glass from container deposit states and foreign manufacturers. In certain areas some segment of recycling may be 3. A drop in the price of raw materials used in man- , beneficial. Oregon, in 1984, recycled 75% of all of the ufacturing of glass causing a greater reliance on virgin newspapers in the state, and Colorado recycled 76% mate, • of all the aluminum cans sold ... The relatively steady price of glass has recently The percentages quoted are to be commended, but dropped and ranges between $5 and $35 per ton. the paper in Oregon represents 8% of the waste Separating glass is recommended because of the, stream; what of the other 92 %? Again, Colorado recy- damage it can do to the (waste- to-energy) facility. Thee cled aluminum, which represents 5% of the waste 1 removal of glass will increase the life of the facility ... stream, has the best market of all recyclables, and Finally, an item that is extensively used is plastic. gives the best return on the dollar; but again, what Plastics are manufactured from the raw materials of about the remaining 95 %? crude oil and natural gas. Many plastics are recyclable. Consider some of the counties in South Jersey. The The most commonly recycled plastic at the post con- seven counties, from Burlington to Cape May, had an sumer level is the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in average yearly loss on recycling of approximately l• one -, two -, or three -liter beverage containers ... $90,000 in 1982. Even Woodbury, the most quoted - There are a number of problems which must be recycling community, had an operating loss of ap- overcome before the recycling of plastic becomes a proximately $19,999 in 1982. _ commercially viable program ... Other townships such as Berlin and Montclair, con- sidering all their aspects, had an operating gain of approximately $40,000 per year in 1982 ... ' Pros and cons In looking at the pros and cons of recycling, consider Conclusion the following • 80% of the waste stream is generated by the In the event the market is saturated with recycla- household. By recycling, we could conserve our natural bles and the surplus must be warehoused, what resources, reduce our waste stream, reduce our tipping happens over a period of time when the allotted fees at the landfill, and extend the life of the landfill, space runs out? Who pays the cost of warehousing along with receiving funds from the state based on ton - the surplus? nage delivered to a recycling facility. It must be noted Are the recyclables going to be landfilled back in that the monies received from the state of New Jersey Pennsauken? This is just what we are trying to avoid are taxpayers' monies. Who pays the cost of trucking the surplus to a landfill • With recycling being mandated by the County of either in Pennsauken or somewhere else? Camden and the County developing a recycling facility, ... We commend the state of New Jersey and the the Municipalities would also benefit by sharing in County of Camden for initiating a recycling facility and profits at the recycling facility. This would also save for taking the burden of establishing markets and time and money associated with marketing the recycla- buyers. Our concern is that despite our recycling pro - bles, and will hopefully achieve a greater market sta- gram, the collection costs will continue to mount and bility for municipalities. the return of the dollar for the recycled goods will • On the other hand, by a glut of recyclables on continue to drop due to the market surplus. This will the market, the cost return per commodity diminishes. determine the overall operating costs. • Although the cost of separation and any specialized In the event the communities continue to be in the ' equipment should not be considered when the county's red (negative cash flow), how long will the state allow facility is operational (as they will handle that aspect), townships to deficit spend? the cost of collection is still a major factor. It is the taxpayers' money which will be used to fund many of these projects. From June, 1985, to October, 1985, Pennsauken had a grand total opera- Haulers Are In Best Position net loss (for recycling) of $41,901.72. - Dr. Charles A. Johnson, technical director of NSWMA, (Continued) 32 WasteAge'Jdy 1986 AI 1t. 1 Recycling Contd. presented a talk on `Now Much Recycling Can We not likely to mean a reduction in work force, equip- Afford?" to the 1986 Pennsylvania Recycling Confer- merit required, closure costs, monitoring ence. This excerpt is taken from his presentation oppplie, or aany of the other variable costs of landfill operatioon the "I fact, a recycling operation may reduce revenues to 1 Consider the economics of recycling. One question that cover its landfill prattin an „ increase in tipping fees to is always asked is whether or not a saving in disposal The one situation where clearly a saving costs should be credited for the recycling operation ... fees can be credited to the recycling operation n is the (An example) of where it is questionable whether or situation in which a waste collector is able to reduce not to credit the disposal savings is when the saving is his disposal costs by means of his recycling activity. hypothetical Consider the case of a municipality oper- This occurs in a situation where a collector is dil- ating a landfill for which it charges a tipping fee of, posing of his collected wastes at a landfill at which he I say, $20 per ton If that community were to institute a recycling pro pays a posted gate fee, most likely based on tonnage. I gram, would it be fair to credit the pro- With a gate fee of $20 per ton, a hauler can save $20 i gram with $20 per ton savings on disposal fees? for each ton of material which he is able to remove The answer probably not. With the typical reduc I bons in waste attainable with recycling from the waste stream and sell as recyclable material � unlikely that the 1e programs it Of course, he will also consider the monies received community will realize an actual say- from the sale of the recyclable material itself Usti- ings in landfill costs in proportion to the reduced ton- Wage. A reduction of a few percent in waste received is mately, the solid waste hauler is probably in the best position of any party to make recycling work. 1 _ O • O fic)c)k T' he e Container �► Handling • —� .. System ° . that s.., 1 • • FASTER & SAFER i `` -can pick up a 22 ft /40 yd capacity container i 34 seconds Q 1500 RPM n Z ---- I - inside controls: driver never leaves the cab --.0°°°°°.■■&- *4 • VERSATILE i ' o • ;Q`;p1� -picks up from docks & pits: at angles up to 30° II Marrel Hydraulics Division • Whittaker Corporation 260 West Main St., Suite 106B � I Hendersonville, TN 37075 • (6I5) 822 -3536 yN,= whl__tta 0 °fir o I 1 - AMPLIROLL® De a ler Inq uiries `` Container Handling Systems Invited Circle No. 27 on reader service card I Wa sl eAB e�J Uy 1986 37 1 • . A Tale of Two Cal • One focuses on the reta end of recycl the other's a wholesaler. They share one thing: a commitment to the future. The recycling business mercial recycling efforts, brokering recyclables, and its begins when a consumer Stanton drop -off center, CR&R gathers large quantities y r buys a product or a con -11 - U Uof recyclables for direct sale to end - users. tainer made of material that . can be reused. Along the `We've made the mistakes' way, between the moment that consumer discards the Gary Petersen began his efforts in 1972, selling sub - t item and its ultimate reuse, it must be skillfully col- scriptions for recycling pickups to affluent residents of lected, handled, processed, packaged, sold, and Malibu and Santa Monica A homeowner there, for a transported fee of from $3 to $5 per month, could have an Ecolo- In Southern California, people working for and with Haul truck stop at his home and pick up recyclables. Gary Petersen's Ecolo-Haul and Cliff Ronnenberg's ' That idea didn't take off, Petersen admits, but he CR&R Inc. do a good deal of that "in between" work. adds that it wasn't as hard to sell as it may sound: "If . Partially as a result of these two companies' commit- you can sell radio advertising, you can sell anything." ment to recycling, residents there have been paid more during the recently concluded downturn in the market • for recyclables than would have been the case. 1 `If you don't motivate, the Petersen says his organization has pioneered many • , recycling programs. An environmental - minded indi people will throw it away r. vidual who owned his own radio station at age 21, he decided sometime after Earth Day to start a company that would "do something positive for the environment In the next two years, Ecolo -Haul got into drop -off and stand on its own two feet." centers (taking over units run unprofitably by non- The something positive accomplished by Ecolo -Haul, profit groups); office paper recycling ( "this was very now 14 years old, is making the "retail" end of recy- lucrative," he remembers); and several curbside recy- cling work. The company specializes in collecting cling experiments. , recyclables from consumers. The curbside effort, initially located within Los Ronnenberg's commitment to recycling was born as a Angeles city limits, was ham pered 12 years ago by a result of his ownership of Stanton Disposal, a waste city scavenging ordinance. The ordinance divided the hauling company. In the mid - Seventies, the company sidewalk into a public and a private side; materials left responded aggressively to Stanton officials' request that on the public side of the sidewalk were classified as it offer some kind of recycling option to city residents. refuse —and picking them up for recycling was a d Less than a decade later, the recycling company violation of the law. lii (CR&R) has grown to a size that dwarfs Stanton Dis- Petersen may well have seen it alt His 14 years of posal and one other solid waste hauling company recycling experience, he says, include working to set owned by Ronnenberg in sales volume. CR&R concen- up local operations in such far -flung sites as Boston trates on the `wholesale" end of recycling. Through the and the South Pacific nation of Palau. servicing of more than 100 area buy -back centers, com- "From having been involved in this so early, we have made all of the mistakes," he notes. By JOE SALIMANDO Waste Age/July ises 39 teas 13. stc+ a A i r ....-., trt ,, , .‘ ......,,,,....,,.. 440t„ ..-4 :--vi :' ,-4 Recycling Contd. z , „ � b ■ IR ( � 4 1 4 When it comes to recycling, Southern -(- . l+�tl t rairq c Ye b t1V California means business. Clockwise, —r -- t ( r from right: A CR &R truck loaded with ^ f,� lc ' � - 4 4 _ aluminum sits in the yard; a "bell" is " hoisted for unloading by a Hiab crane; and Ecolo- Haul's Gary Petersen stands ,�-- ..:_±•± ; _ �. by his company's name. i i ------- 11M ' : -.' "i'''.. Tr. ::' ,:,.. **Vi..&_,, kt* : ,...., . . b �' ' ::::k . ._'1 gym. EC 'CLING SERVICES = M --* - # DIAL RECYCLE !I' ....... ......,.. _....... .n 1.1 , „......... ,.....,,.., , \ _ . . F r i ,, - _ • • � [ ti ' .....«•....:a. :" , , =r ; What Ecolo -Haul is doing additional funds from its handling of recyclables col- lected by a small pilot curbside effort now being tried He is perhaps most proud of his role in helping by the city of Los Angeles. Santa Monica (Calif.) city officials to design what is t often called the most comprehensive municipal recy- Interesting innovations cling effort in existence. Using a variety of techniques, including curbside pickup of recyclables in some neigh- A lot of what Ecolo -Haul is doing seems interesting, borhoods, the city is able to salvage for reuse approxi- but much of it is old hat to Californians. Consider, for mately 400 tons per month out of a refuse volume of instance, the vending n aclurie" boncept for) about 300 TPD. aluminum cans, in which a machine" dispenses cash fors According to Petersen, Santa Monica residents not `recycled aluminurii. While it is new to many parts of served by the curbside pickup program "do not have to the country, it is a part of history to Petersen he sold walk more than one - eighth of a mile" from their front 45 machines installed in area shopping centers and doors to the nearest recycling facility. One reason for supermarkets in another recycling enterprise to Rey- that proximity is color -coded two -yard containers nolds Aluminum more than 12 months ago. placed in alleys in the city. Glass, aluminum cans, and "A lot of the things we do are attempts to formulate newsprint can easily be deposited in these containers; an integrated approach to recycling," says Petersen in fact, at first, it was too easy. "The recycling industry has been in what I call a Thir- "The city had problems with scavenging, so they had ties -type depression. I may be a recycler, but in most to reduce the size of the openings in the containers," respects I'm a hauler just like anyone who hauls refuse. Petersen explains. "Now it's easy to drop the material I need to get X number of dollars every time I open off, but it's not so easy for someone to take it out" my doors or my truck runs down the street, or I'm in a Some city residents pilfered the recyclables to sell lot of trouble." them at the buy -back center Ecolo -Haul runs for Santa Even in this atmosphere, Petersen has continued to Monica on a contract basis. The company's experience seek ways of increasing recycling rates. The most has helped make maximum use of a relatively small recent program is the use of `bells" designed especially space, which in turn has helped the center take in - for glass collection. The California Glass Recycling Cor- 40 Waste Age Ady 1986 \4. , Recycling Contd. 1St t s''^ . . . Cc„"b ' "?i„ • t �+ .v t Y#d' i'�a c A r _ proper bin in a recycling truck. 1e D111 t e � � "We can take etersen " ta these bells an d put them m a grocery < � � st parking lot," says P They don 1ook�A The nu Ei have see • s � �� en �u � a refuse container, so we won get p lain old gar bage California recy b ' have come to a compro• thrown into them; and they make for convenient recy-' more than d us t th e de • - : . ., , L = - , cling. It's fabulous " 4 price`s • `� d fo m ate 3 , • i $ . • AL/ . „5' � 1 L • gy °z • 1 " y g `The str dollar hurt' I _ 1 s f ,- r �, 5 Cliff Ronnenberg's comp moves massive volumes of i �ta�'} 81 ci • Y atl t ns,a � • ' i �a } 31, ae F 4 s t'! �t t. ' d ta a • �, recycl how does more than 1 tons a month of i } y, a ii,'Si- g ru ° �°? "� l +� ta �4� c 7 • o et 7 ,fi ro• •sed," ° l. +�r °'R$�' a soun Using two HRB 10 balers, CP an ht ] a on w ould } ` . 5 – can flatterers, vanlous pieces of yard equ from x u Caterpillar, Peterbilt and G M tractors, Bemars t rai lers, c • have been sinrlar to a law � �i * ; Y l�. � a �- `r a d a a as �. passed eailierr► New Yor a� an d Fairbanks scales, CR &R usually is able to deliver s tate There, a fiv =c nt �� `h�§ Paz; � s �' .� recycl to end user customers on a few hours • deposit o n im bow � �ti l ► � � t : after they were brought to the company's Stanton �'� and CaLIS'S t1ITlulat P& rt - " " 4� +^� • '!• %� i to bring their empty co s �t t= „ t r Pr ocessing site. tamers back the p ®,, t . " It s a high volum low margin business, says the purchase ' r ▪ Y � 9 s r: ,�Y a +i fiS . tRe r a t + l owner " In order to mak it work we have to every 7 > In Calrforrua, • , ' °a >� i� „ �� ' ! "a "� = compe titive. We place a high value on service —an d we hav meant ▪ the de�ath _ ,� � ;,� .� °"�'� � � '' "x " •'�^ "" Hide ourselves on being a full service company, to all v o lu n tary recycling rncu st� s + a + w },, +,p� =c P n Gary Petersen o Ecolo ��� •'� • - `° c u s tomers. So with 10 or 20 pounds of cans who Sou clauns , ° �� �ap a drives • here i n his car i just as welc as a y Sa y s Petersen h� ° a ! �� Y comm ercial account who sells u 100,000. l li}�!F te s��2 • S°S , � . • eC As note above, CR&R grew out of Stan ton Dispos a Fs cn a t a ..i �r " ' . ! • �4 % �. a `t tx al need to establish a local recycli center in the x „�• ,� x �: $ " � mid Seventies. The Stan ton center, a pioneering effort There's • If % I can't collect and ' ° • b • es w hen it was established, is still open to t he public; In a ye e F ..uE e R xi: } '' " a y w b ll�(� t i r �+ money on al . tie t rec dropp o ff at the site are moved by fork- electric , collect o materials, e e 1e �- � +.' � i • - �' � a f hundred feet over to the HRB 10 balers. oil. Arc Half because alumrn is the ▪ r ! e a R'a .� rr ! ! of value z -� -:.•,' " = Back in the Seventies Ronnenberg s vision tran- Res COIr1Iil for W rve Can ti a . el 1 +� e a t "fit t ° , ' , ' 0 pay the consumer the most + fllrttr reby cling^��, r. scended Stanton's borders. He saw money opportunity in �• - x a` `r "�3l54Yo'� �`' becoming th f w coordinated all o f the small Inc. is 0 money , . . r up <_ +, " +� ` '' '-+-r' ° '� loads from other such centers that were springing ty's hou � �, � firm pr . "��"�' n and gave them good service. : x Y` .e ° ,e , C� a 1 € Ii��CMa a d n • �o: ;w b, � p , � �i. a "These s mall centers need two ty of serv that of i glass ., Y ' .' „ we provide t ex "First t have little or no glass result would hav k, rt + sy stem; been disastrous many, no •p e comprgs storag space. They rely on us to schedule our pickup sy stem s most, 9...,_ . e bu - en � � • on .a ands •e I� s to fit their needs — usually within 24 hours.' Th tiers wou ve :closed.- , { �w�mo qq - „2•�. � "Second, they can b marginal ope rations, fman- equipme :down 1? �� d ally— e sp ecia lly in th env ironment we 've had for the duct l e ' o Petersen ks q uot e d there _ • si • n to the fro + , v ; �3 knuckl . pas -� . >= past two yea So we pa y them qui some we the t tense ec a use fh e w �. . se Q�! _ ” start the state s vo luntary rec ryad�sa ar J A can do thanks to our IBM computer. Checks are in the ' � ` r *fit `�"° + �t� �� m ail w ithi n 2 4 hou rs for alum that we have pur from the �F wf,•. + � , � . �.� onto twi �. ,r �a �. � � r .. chased; f or newsprint, we pay twice a month The two • poration imported this concept from Europe. CR &R takes the long view feede to Their distinctive shape is one advantage. Another is the quick collection process: with the skillful use of a For an unspecified period CR&R was sending out HAMME: Hiab cran e (install ed on a GM Astro truck), the bottom checks that might have bee a little fatter than market .Shredder mers she drops out of the bell and cans and bo ttles fall into the prices for recyc justified And Ronnenberg is grates co 44 waste nge/Jul' 1986 Shreds 5. ' managea: Recysling Contd. always sure to get the best market price: his company Consumers would have gotten out of the recycling sells direct to U.S. users and also exports. habit. If you don't motivate the people with an attrac- But for that low -priced period, Ronnenberg was, five price for recyclables, they will throw the recyclable essentially, subsidizing some of the 100 or so recycling materials away. centers from which his trucks make pickups. "So I guess your could say we took, and still take, the + "It has been financially brutal in the recycling market long -term view. Our position was to keep the recycling during 1984 and 1985," he says. "In my opinion, anyone centers up and running at significant volumes, even kt who told you they were making a profit in recycling a loss. We did this because we believe in the recycling' was not giving you the straight story. We know, business, we are committed to it as a company and as • because we've made a profit in prior years in this individuals. We believe the market will return, and we ' business. will once again be able to make a profit in this i "But prices paid for the materials in this recently business." =- concluded period were so low that you could not make Ronnenberg's faith in the market has been well - a profit —even us, even with our drop -off center, placed, he noted recently, as the market for recyclables wholesaling, and brokerage operations. has bounced back. Partially as a result of this commit - "We simply felt that we could not cut the price we ment, he says, his company grew significantly during paid to the recycling centers —the retailers —by as the down period. It is now handling 1,000 tons of alu- much as the price we were being paid was cut. If we minum, 6,000 tons of newsprint, and 300 tons of glass .4. had, the volume of recyclables would have fallen off per month through the drop -off center, brokering, and dramatically. wholesaling operations.'" - "Eventually, some of the centers would have closed. 1. Over 20 baler models;. including Wide- Mouth Horizontal and Open End System Balers:All meet or exceed ANSI standards. • I SELCO HAS Lease .r e YOUR ANSWERS. w s r programs E �� : `� ° available. Tackle your waste handling and /4 recycling problems head on. Selco answers the need with quality balers, = ,° conveyors and compactors. Built '4 ' ' . • rugged and reliable, sold and serviced _ _ ' , '� _. b `� T by our nationwide dealer network. , ork. '• 1 �� T Call 800 - 447 -3526 to learn more , 7 S _ ? ' „ ` � , , g BALERS. a 4 -- �1 s, CONVEYORS. is COMPACTORSII � ' Ill F fil Selco Products, Inc. .' �c u.. l ' � , e g o ` P.O. Box 406, Baxley, GA 31513 ' — ` I Lam= 800 - 447 -3526 (GA: 800- 847 -3526) -4 ' _ or 912 - 367 -4661 Circle No. 33 on reader service card' C 46 Trends in Collecting ec c a to, es • F of an NSWMA survey of municipal recycl efforts • are reported in this, part one of a two -part article. Next month: recycling program costs versus benefits. Many parts of the country Were the city delivers regular trash service or are beginning to see a elects to specify service for recyclables, planners must i Al shortage of space to landfill Z �n,' > p choose among other operating options: municipal solid waste. This • . whether collections should be made curbside; • growing scarcity is • whether they should coincide with regular trash prompting some states to consider every option that service? • might avert a crisis. • which materials will be recycled; • One option is to recycle waste materials. The poten- • where they should be sorted, etc: tial for recycling, however, will be severely constrained by persistently weak markets for recycled materials and other problems attendant to re -using solid wastes. The NSWMA survey Many municipalities have encouraged and sponsored To describe the experience of recycling in its various recycling programs for years. Today, however, munici- forms and its impact on waste management, NSWMA palities face state legislative directives to instigate a developed a questionnaire covering operations, markets, recycling program as an express part of their solid revenues, costs, and cost savings. waste management plans. The municipalities in turn The questionnaire was designed to capture all the may require their residents to participate in the recy- possible scenarios under which a recycling program cling effort. might operate (see Table One). For instance, in case a Instituting an effective recycling program presents a recycler collected different materials on different series of problems and challenges t� municipalities. schedules or in different areas Enlisting public support and participation is one such ,questions concerning volumes, revenues, prices, and collection methods were challenge; perhaps even greater is that of securing a specific to each particular materiaL Only cost, employ - market for recyclables. Markets for secondary materials ment, and financial support data were reported for are notoriously erratic. Moreover, the demand may be overall operations. controlled by one or a few users. One series of questions was specifically designed for In addition to assessing the volume of materials that , curbside collections. Here, again, questions about the they hope to recycle, municipal planners must also I frequency of collection were specific to each material decide on the city's role in the recycling program in case any were collected on different schedules. t ' beyond its instigation Will public participation will be' NSWMA asked each state's office of solid waste to required by local ordinance? Will collections will be ' identify the 10 or 12 most notable or successful pro - made by a private contractor? If so, will the contractor grams in that state. Twenty-eight be solely responsible for both the marketing of mate- , more states programs es responded, rials and the details of operations? - = werre e yielding more rec w la ter r 187 addded ed later Several to this list. The recyclables to be discussed are limited to news- By C.L. PETTIT print, aluminum, ferrous metal (tin cans), and glass. Corrugated and other kinds of paper were not consid- Pettit is the research analyst in NSWMA's Technical Department. ered because sources for these recyclables are pri- i Waste AperJuy 1986 49 Recycling Contd. . Table One Overview of Respondent Recycling Programs Total Financial Total Disposal Service Area Respondent Revenue Support Tonnage* Fee Population Hamburg, N.Y. 15,760 Yes 840 12.00 10,000 Burrington, R.I. 72,620 No 1,103 18.00 16,600 Dover, N.J. .8,500 Yes 260 11.00 15,000 Bowie, Md. 600 No 40 25.00 30,000 St. Cloud, Minn. 9,230 No 378 18.00 9,000 Boca Raton, Fla. 3,700 No 3,700 16.00 59,000 N. Palm Beach 9,700 No 403 16.00 17,500 Madison, Wis. 50,000 No 2,000 10.00 170,000 Burbank, Calif. 250,000 No 5,816 6.50 87,000 Grand Rapids, Mich. 121,750 No 3,387 10.50 500,000 Sunnyvale, Calif. 199,990 Yes 3,249 30.00 113,000 Austin, Tex. 99,450 No 2,282 3.00 100,000 Montclaire, N.J. 153,829 Yes 3,089 11.00 38,000 Roxbury, N.J. no resp. No 614 33.00 19,000 Mecklenburg, N.C. 33,102 No 976 6.00 428,000 Palo Alto, Calif. 244,082 Yes 5,394 11.50 56,000 El Paso, Tex. no resp. No 1,275 4.50 425,000 Islip, N.Y. 349,715 • Yes 10,000 14.00 320,000 Monroe County, Pa. 20,650 Yes 335 34.50 70,000 i Tift County, Ga. 6,300 Yes 144 0 33,000 Springfield, Pa. 14,513 Yes 1,589 10.50 20,000 Boynton Beach, Fla. 51,000 Yes 1,399 16.00 44,000 1 Boscobel, Wis. 1,100 No 102 16.00 2,662 . Gray, Maine 3,900 Yes 80 9.00 43,000 - Guilford, Conn. 30,658 Yes 611 27.00 19,000 Rockford, III. 18,000 No 420 12.95 139,000 11 Montgomery County, Md. 380,100 No 12,670 31.00 190,000 Glastenbury, Conn. 14,507 No 905 16.45 27,000 C Manitowoc County, Wis. 19,908 No 482 18.00 30,000 - Wilkes Barre, Pa. 1,600 No 125 10.00 51,000 Croton -on- Hudson, N.Y. 15,500 no resp. 850 17.00 35,000 Re W. Hartford, Conn. 61,200 no resp. 3,350 12.94 62,000 - Wharton, N.J. 7,117 Yes 696 no resp. 5,485 Hz Santa Rosa, Calif. 114,000 Yes 3,460 6.00 100,000 Bt. W. Palm Beach, Calif. .22,600 No 942 16.00 67,500 Dc Peekskill, N.Y. 20,000 No 1,000 9.00 35,000 Bc Groton, Conn. no resp. Yes 2,500 6.00 41,000 St. Warren County, Mo. 2,317 No 80 10.50 15,000 Bo Ridgewood, N.J. 34,000 no resp. 1,446 11.00 25,000 N. Lincoln Park, N.J. 5,718 Yes 255 no resp. 8,000 Ma Santa Barbara, Calif. 129,950 Yes 4,870 16.00 150,000 Bin Ann Arbor, Mich. 7,400 Yes 1,635 12.00 108,000 i Gra Santa Monica, Calif. 50,230 Yes 15.10 no resp. 89,000 Sur Au: For newsprint, aluminum, tin cans, and glass. Data source: NSWMA research k Mor Rox Mec marily commercial generators (ie., retail stores and lection centers. This form of collection has two major' El Pa lc P office buildings). Newsprint, metals and glass constitute advantages: its equipment, personnel and maintenance Islip the common elements of most municipally instigated needs are minimal, and it ene Mor programs. quality control Contributors arem orely to take Tift Sprit greater care in sorting. and screening the materials. A Boyr consistently "clean" materials is also easier to " supply of material Bosc Program design effectiveness Gra market. Guilt One of the first distinctions to be made in describing ' Conversely, a sole reliance on drop boxes and collec- Rock - residential recycling is whether or not curbside colleo- tion centers can lead to lower participation and lower font lions are part of the program ,^ volume of materials; residents may be unwilling to both I 'last Mani: Some programs simply set up drop boxes and/or col , sort and deliver their items. Curbside collection, how 'For ne 52 Waste AgelJuy 1986 1$. • ever, presents residents with a more convenient oppor- aggressive campaign to enforce mandatory tunity to participate. participation. Survey results indicate a schedule of curbside collec- r . tion is practically essential to achieve high levels oft Sorting participation. Of 13 responding municipalities that 7 Another distinction to be made in planning or • require participation, all provide some sort of curbside , describing residential recycling is that of how the collection, and all but two reported a participation rate' recyclables are sorted from one anothert Santa Rosa, among househlds at or above 50%. ' Calif., residents are provided with a special container 1 Even without being required, participation is rela- for each type of recyclable material; residents them - tively high where curbside collection is available. selves sort their items as newsprint, metals and glass. Though none of the reported rates approach the 80% 0 In Islip, N.Y., recyclables are placed collectively. News - and 90% levels occasionally found where participation ' print, aluminum, tin, and glass are placed curbside in a is mandatory, 26 voluntary programs with curbside col - a single container, and sorted at a municipal facility The lection reported an average 33% participation. . relative ease with which residents can simply sort Assuming that recyclables account for an average recyclables from non - recyclables would seem to 25% of residential waste, one -third of households recy- encourage participation cling one - fourth of their wastes would result in an 8% The responsibility for sorting recyclables from one 9 reduction in the waste stream coming from the service another, however, will not be the overriding considera- / area. Any greater reduction in the waste stream would tion of a resident in his decision to participate. The ' __ probably require both curbside collection and an reported participation rate in Santa Rosa (70 %) is in / j Table Two Components of Respondent Recycling Programs Frequency of Participation Rate Materials Curbside "Same Day" % Reduction Respondent Voluntary - Required Collected" Collection Collection Waste Stream Hamburg, N.Y. 98 NP,GL weekly Yes 17 Burrington, R.I. 35 NP,GL monthly Yes 13 Dover, N.J. 7 NP weekly No 3 Bowie, Md. 1 GL weekly No 0.2 .- St. Cloud, Minn. ..44 : � NP,GL,A4 (monthly' `No. `ek,89 Boca Raton, FI no response NP weekly • No 12 • N. Palm Beach 20 NP weekly Yes 5 Madison, Wis. 25 1 NP' weekly Yes r 2.5,i • Burbank, Calif. 50 NP,GL,AL bi- weekly Yes 13 Grand Rapids, Mich. 10 NP,GL,AL,TN bi- monthly No 1 Sunnyvale, Calif. 42 NP,GL,AL weekly Yes 6 - Austin, Tex. 50 NP,GL,AL weekly Yes 4.5 h Montclaire, N.J. 80 NP,GL,AL biweekly No 16 Roxbury, N.J. 85 NP,GL,AL monthly Yes 7 — Mecklenburg, N.C. 18 NP,GL,AL weekly Yes 0.5 Palo Alto, Calif. 65 NP,GL,AL,TN weekly Yes 19 El Paso, Tex. 5 NP, (AL,TN) biwkly(bimonth) No 0.6 Islip, N.Y. 30 NP,GL,AL weekly No 6 Monroe County, Pa. 52 GL,AL weekly Yes 1 lift County, Ga. 60 NP bi- weekly Yes 1 Springfield, Pa. 65 NP,GL,AL,TN weekly Yes 15 Boynton Beach, FI. no response NP, AL none N/A 6 A Boscobel, Wis . ; 60 NP,GL,AL,TN 1 bi- monthI ' No 181 Gray, Maine • NP,GL none N/A 4 Guildford, Conn. NP,GL,AL none N/A 6.5 C- Rockford, III. 2 NP weekly Yes 0.7 Montgomery County, Md. 50 NP weekly No 12.5 Glastenbury, Conn. no response NP,GL,AL none N/A 6.5 , ti Manitowoc County, Wis.' - 30 r NP d monthly! No ' 3 1 'For newsprint, aluminum, tin cans, and glass. Data sourne: NSWMA research WasteAgaVWy 1986 53 14. Recycling Contd. "fact much higher than in Islip (30 %). This is particu- "cling operation. Co larly surprising, considering that participation in Islip is required by local ordinance while in Santa Rosa it is Newsprint He not. Of the 41 survey respondents that collect newsprint, , R[ Scheduling, containers, service crews indicated that they had executed some sort of con . Ii with a buyer. Generally, these contracts are written to Santa Rosa's success could be attributed to its pickup / last from one to five years; most specify that the buyer IS schedule—sorted recyclables are collected on the same ' will pay the prevailing market price. Some contracts day as regular trash service. This schedule is easy tog guarantee a floor price regardless of the market's yC remember and doesn't require the resident to place 1 actions. St materials more frequently than usual. Same -day collc- lion a does make a difference: among 13 . The average tonnage of newsprint collected in 1984 apparently by the survey's respondents was 1,536 tons. The required - participation programs, the average rate is average price for newsprint most recently received was 76.5% (n =5) for programs with a same -day schedule $28.55/ton. The highest price was $60 /ton in California and 41% (n =8) for those without. Among voluntary pro- and the lowest was $14/ton in New Jersey. None of the grams, the respective average rates are 36% vs. 26 %. respondents reported paying any price to residents. One of the last and, for some, the most important • Recyclers of newsprint with contracts apparently do distinction of a recycling program is that of whether not tend to receive a significantly collections are made by the municipality, a private con - those without. The average prices respectively ces res Y were _ tractor, or a volunteer group. In our data set of 44 $29.59/ton and $29.91/ton. In the cases of glass and respondents, 28 programs use municipal crews, 12 use metals, so few respondents operate with a supply Ion- a private contractor and four use a volunteer group. tract it is difficult to compare averages and judge Which is the lowest -cost service provider? That's part whether supply contracts tend to "lock in" prices. of the much larger issue of privatization in general. Common sense, however, suggests that crews familiar, Glass with the service area will perform most effectively.? Most respondents indicated collections were made by i The average tonnage of glass (all colors) collected by the same municipal crews or private hauler responsible I the survey's respondents in 1984 was 387 tons. The for regular trash service. I average price most recently received for mixed glass by all respondents was $24.80/ton. Markets and prices Color -sorted glass, particularly clear glass, generally commands a higher price; four respondents indicated Marketing recyclables is at least as important to a recy- that they received between $38 and $45 per ton cling program as the arrangement under which mate - Whether the recycler should go to the expense of f rials are collected. Residential recyclables are a low- sorting glass to obtain the premium will depend on the value commodity The prices they command normally relevant prices, volumes and costs. i will not exceed those for primary raw materials. Similarly, whether residents should be asked to As a rule of thumb, recycling is justified only if the 4 color -sort the glass themselves will depend on the rev - revenues generated, together with the "avoided disposal* enue to be gained compared to any participation that costs" a community would have otherwise paid, are at '4 might be lost and all costs that would be incurred. Least as great as the cost of collection, processing and ! marketing. Otherwise, the program will require some sort of subsidy —a direct grant or indirect support from' Aluminum of a general public works budget. ' Recycled aluminum is the highest - valued commodity of The variable and generally unpredictable nature of all the secondary materials typically collected from resi- prices for recyclables undermines the accuracy of esti- dential sources. Aluminum is also a small fraction of mates for future revenues. An important consideration municipal waste. Nevertheless, because of its relatively in judging the viability of a recycling program is high market value, aluminum is included in most whether a secure market can be found. A legal con- * municipal programs. tract guaranteeing the purchase of secondary materials" Recycled aluminum's relatively high value is due over a specified term is a notable feature of any recy- largely to the high cost of mining and processing alu- _ 54 Waste Age4JuPy 1986 le■ I LO ' . .. w •K . ". Recycling Contd. A.t ✓' minum ores. The smelting of aluminum demands vast ` - amounts of energy and large investments in capital Ti cans Tin (bi- metal) cans are not a primary target of,; equipment. Aluminum recycling, however, deman ds residential recycling. Nevertheless, nine of 41 ,% onl enough capital and energy to collect, clean and respondents recycled tin cans. In four of these cases • '% - , it lei remelt the material and reshape it to specifications. t metal is either deposited at a drop box or placed -'i. Twenty-five of the 41 respondents indicated that : ,44 . � : curbside mixed with aluminum materials. The metals x • .: they collect aluminum for recycling. Flve of these are separated later. The average tonnage m 1984 was operated under a supply contract for the recycled 100 tons. aluminum. The average was $536 per ton. An average price for recycled tin cans may be some- 5. One recycler reportedly paid residents for their alu- what misleading. In four cases the material was simply FT p a ,',. m at a buy-back center. Such an ement is "r,:` f Y an'ang given away. In three cases the price received was not uncommon — particularly among commercial recy- either $55 or $60 per ton and in one case the price a. r clers operating independently of any municipal support was $5 per ton. ' " or directive. Revenues from recycled tin apparently will not weigh £` The average amount of aluminum recycled by the heavily in the equation that describes the cost and g respondents in 1984 was 16.5 tons. Though this would benefits of any recycling program Still, the marginal seem to have little effect on the conservation of landfill benefit of including tin cans in recycling may exceed space, the revenues generated help support the recy- the marginal cling costs where aluminum is already being g of newsprint P and glass. collected, where sorting metals is cheap or is done by residents, and where the materials can command a rea- sonable price. II Bostmm's Air-715ETmor Air-710E , , ...n -stop comf d ort 3 y* 1 . ., a : f orthelonghaul. t .� - e ` � w ', - a t R id e it out in style when there's a long 1 � , ;" � �� 1 ' �" - e. � t , , t haul ahead. Bostrom gives you more F t j �� �� p' comfort and more miles per day. And 1 ° ' '� ' ` ' °'' 7 ' i t ` here's wh Standard features include t . �� Q 1, k� '°�� , ,. 4_ � weight /height adjustment, fore and aft ryk - � � isolator, seat tilt, back recl and Ei ., j : r � r ,:�o>e tee. ,, a a'git . ..a + u 40,„m„...,,,, ""- . Iumbarsupport.Optionsincludehighback, { 7 � _ —�- armrests and suspens cover. The � `' "" 1 Air -715E is designed forcabovers and big tl ; ; conventionals: the 710E forsmallercabs. Versions of the 715E and 710E r . ; �� ` able as standard or optional equipme nt avail - in ' F � . i,*; :':'...g.0 � 0 „,, all makes of heavy trucks. They are a lso �' ,� available as replacem seats from your w.. truck dealer or parts distributor. f 4. For more information write, 1,. u4 , ,, 454Z; , ff;6 Bostrom, 3326 E. Layton Avenue, w ri • .. . •-ts ; -'•;•-r:".9 " . '' — 414 '''' fill t ost rotin 7 x , ,, fi r. P.O. Box 600, Cudahy, WI 53110 t ,, : ,, '" ` , � � . : t r ,. � ` 1 , or call (414) 744 -2070. _ ......, ,,,,. .„.......„ . r„..„ _ ,.„.. �-- f >r# ° 4 SEATING, INC. 7_I .