HomeMy WebLinkAbout06/13/1989 - Solid Waste Abatement Commission r• '1
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AGENDA
SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION
EAGAN, MINNESOTA
EAGAN MUNICIPAL CENTER CONFERENCE ROOMS A & B
TUESDAY
JUNE 13, 1989
11:30 A.M.
I. ROLL CALL AND ADOPTION OF AGENDA
II. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
III. STAFF REPORT
A. Funding
Amendments for '89
Budget for '90
B. Promotion Activities
Timelines
C. Household Hazardous Waste Collection
IV. OLD BUSINESS
A. Multi -unit recycling
V. NEW BUSINESS
A. Procurement of recycled paper and products
for use in Municipal offices.
VI. OTHER BUSINESS
VII. DISTRIBUTION
VIII. NEXT MEETING
IX. ADJOURNMENT
MEMO TO: CHAIRS MANN & HOEL & ALL MEMBERS OF THE SOLID WASTE
ABATEMENT COMMISSION
FROM: RECYCLING SPECIALIST HAGEMAN
DATE: JUNE 7, 1989
SUBJECT: EAGAN SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION MEETING OF
JUNE 13, 1989
A regular meeting of the Eagan Solid Waste Abatement Commission
will be held on Tuesday, June 13, 1989 at 11:30 a.m. in the Eagan
Municipal Center Conference Rooms A and B. The City will provide
a box lunch to commission members requesting one by non, Monday,
June 12. Please contact Kris Hageman or Jane Helebrant at 454-
8100 to indicate whether you will attend and your luncheon
preference.
I. ROLL CALL AND ADOPTION OF AGENDA
The agenda, as presented or modified, requires adoption by the
Commission.
II. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
A copy of the minutes of the Solid Waste Abateme t Commission.
meeting of May 9, 1989 is enclosed on page / for your
review. These minutes, subject to any change, require approval
by the Commission.
III. STAFF REPORT
A. Funding - -- Amendments for '89
Staff will be filing a 1989 Funding Application amendment,
July 1, 1989. Items in this amendment include, 1. Use of
additional capital funds for the purchase of waste abatement
equipment. A stump grinder to be used by the Parks and
Recreation Department is deemed necessary and cost effective. 2.
Additional funds will be requested on the basis of possible
increase in performance based funding needs for haulers if our
goals are reached and exceeded.
Estimates of dollar figures and possible additional items
will be discussed at our meeting.
Funding - -- Budget '90
Revenues increased as did our program expenditures for the
coming year. Expansion of the program into multi -unit dwellings
will increase funding needs. In addition to the multi -unit
recycling program, we need to expand into the commercial sector,
schools and continue an aggressive education /promotion campaign.
We have tried to round out the program to maintain a high level
of service and activities. A copy of the budget proposal is
enclosed on page - .
B. Promotion Activities - -- Timelines
1. I have recently arranged for the Public Works (water meter
readers) crews to place a door - hanger tag at the homes of new
residents as they turn on the water service or take first /final
readings. This piece tells the new resident about the program
and encourages their participation.
2. A new compost information card which includes recycling
drop -off site locations and household hazardous waste information
has just been completed. Some will be mailed to residents, some
are placed in areas for general information collection.
3. We are planning a June /July citywide direct mail piece.
4. For August /September there will be an insert in the City's
newsletter, hopefully our own "newsletter" ie. the Solid Waste
Watcher.
5. Multi -unit information packets, signs, flyers.
6. Continued use of the Cable Access Channel
7. Increase use of newspaper, ads and articles.
8. Additional pieces that can be done include,
1. Backyard composting
2. Alternatives to Household Hazardous Wastes
3. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle information.
C. Household Hazardous Waste Collection
A date has been set for Saturday, September 9, 1989. We will
be contacting representatives from Unisys to discuss using their
facilities again this year. We will begin working with George
Kinney from Dakota County's Dept. of Public Health in the next
few weeks.
IV. OLD BUSINESS
A. Multi -unit recycling-- -
I have sent a letter to all managers of apartments and rental
townhomes emphasizing the importance of the program and
encouraging their involvment. The haulers that we have talked
with are ready to begin and realize the individual set up time
needed for the operation to be successful. I am hoping to have a
good response from the letter and get started in the next month.
Some buildings have arranged for collection on their own with
their individual hauler. One complex, Lexington Place, was able
to use the set of stackable containers for its collection system.
V. NEW BUSINESS
A. Procurement of recycled paper and products for use in
Municipal offices.
We should begin discussion about how we can reduce our wastes
in the Muncipal Center and at other facilities. We should try to
take a leadership role in reducing our wastes and encouraging the
use of recycled products in everyday operations.
Hennepin County has done a pilot program testing the use of
recycled paper for convenience copiers and offset printing.
Their results were somewhat favorable for certain tasks. In
some areas there is an increase in expense.
The State has made available to cities the opportunity to by
recycled paper through its own contract with a manufacturer.
This endeavor should be researched to see if cost savings is
possible when piggybacking on the State's contract.
The overall idea of using products made from recycled
materials is one we need to address, in addition to curbing our
materials we throwaway.
VI. OTHER BUSINESS
VII. DISTRIBUTION
Enclosed in your packets are the following materials:
1. On page you will find a newspaper article about
the Municipal compo t site monitor.
2. On pages through 1 you will find
information concerning our levels wastes (cans, glass, news,
diapers, styrofoam) and resources needed or saved in
manufacturing.
3. On pages /U through 21 you will find
information concerning procurement of recycled paper and waste
reduction. Also, Hennepin County pilot project results.
4. Also included are samples of the door - hanger tag and
compost /recycling information card.
VIII. NEXT MEETING
The next meeting of the solid Waste Abatement Commission will be
on Tuesday, July 11, 1989 at 11:30 a.m. Please mark your
calendars for that meeting.
IX. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting will adjourn at or about 1:00 p.m.
Recycling Spepialist -City of Eagan
NOTES FOR THE SOLID WASTE ABATEMENT COMMISSION
EAGAN, MINNESOTA
May 9, 1989
These notes reflect discussions held by members of the Eagan Solid
Waste Abatement Commission on May 9, 1989. The Commission was absent a quorum
and therefore could conduct no business. Those present met as a Committee,
received the staff report and discussed issues regarding commercial recycling.
The following members were present: Tom Mann, Todd Gatz, and Cindy Ista. Absent
were Tim Hoel, Earl Milbridge, Brenda Marshall, Darlene Bahr, Kevin Trity, Larry
Knutson and Terry Schnell. Also present were Recycling Specialist Hageman,
Assistant to the City Administrator Hohenstein and representatives of the public.
STAFF REPORT
Hageman and Hohenstein reviewed updates concerning the Municipal
Compost Site and its operation, the County Recyclable Collection Center located
in Burnsville, the alternatives for newsprint marketing being pursued by Dakota
County and the Community Clean -Up Day which was held on May 6.
COMMERCIAL RECYCLING
Following a brief introduction by staff, the members present and
public discussed the issue of commercial recycling. Hageman stated that Dakota
County had recently indicated that they may reduce the priority for commercial
recycling in 1990 in favor of solidifying the residential programs and expanding
to multi - family. In the meantime, they had asked cities to coordinate
information gatherings to determine what businesses were in the community, what
types of refuse they produced and what types of materials they were already
recycling. It was pointed out that commercial recycling is far different than
curbside recycling because of the diversity of business types, disposal methods
and sizes of businesses. There was some concern that businesses might be
reluctant to provide certain information. Staff indicated that they believed
breakdowns of waste materials probably would not be intrusive and that the
commercial recycling effort was part of a State mandate and if there was
systematic reluctance, it would have to be dealt with all businesses, not just
those in Eagan.
As with curbside recycling, it was suggested that staff engage the haulers in
a discussion of commercial recycling alternatives for consideration by the
Commission and the City. It was further suggested such meetings be expanded to
include major employers and managers of multi- tenant buildings.
Tom Mann indicated that the City or County should use the firm Contacts
Influential which does business surveys for its business list. Hohenstein stated
that the City had access to Contacts Influential's list and would use it. It
was further suggested that in gathering information City and County staffs focus
not only on those materials targeted by the region, but also those which the
businesses feel to be priorities as well.
The group also discussed commercial recycling container systems and theCiunty's
role in commercial recycling. Absent a quorum, no action was taken on this item.
It will be scheduled for a future commission agenda.
MEMORANDUM
TO: Assistant to the City Administrator Hohenstein
FROM: Recycling Specialist Hageman
DATE: June 2, 1989
SUBJECT: 1990 Recycling Budget Proposal
EXPENDITURES
PERSONNEL SERVICES
4110 Communications /Solid Waste Coordinator
(1/2 of salary) $19,000
Benefits and Overhead 6,650
$25,650
PARTS & SUPPLIES
4210 Municipal Center Recycling Supplies $ 100
Graphic Supplies 200
4215 Reference Materials 140
$ 440
SERVICES & OTHER CHARGES
4330 Postage $ 4,000
4340 Advertising 5,000
Recycling in the Parks 350
Education Activities 1,870
Commercial /Industrial Recycling 5,000
4350 Printing 5,000
4395 Land
4396 Container Storage 2,040
4397 Equipment Rental 880
4411 Conference Expenses 750
4412 Local Meetings 875
4414 Dues & Subscriptions
Resource Recycling $42
Recycling Today 25
ARM 20
RAM 50
$ 140
4421 Cash for Trash Lottery 5,200
4450 Other Contractual Services
Recycle Minnesota Resources 4,000
($4,000 stipend- 3rd year of 3 years)
Container Storage Management 100
Greenview Inc. (compost site attendant) 5,000
Household Hazardous Waste Collection 5,000
Consultant Fees (compost site management) 320
4450 Performance Funding for Curbside
Recycling Haulers
($30 /ton @ 2500 tons) $75,000
Performance Funding for Multi -Unit
Recycling Haulers
($1 /unit /month) $60,000
4520 Buildings (warming house at compost site) 7,000
4530 Other Improvements (gate) 5,000
187,845
CAPITAL OUTLAY
4570 Other Equipment
Containers in Parks $ 6,000
Compost site (brush chipper) 8,000
Multi -Unit containers 4.000
18,000
TOTAL EXPENDITURES $231,935
REVENUES
DAKOTA COUNTY SOLID WASTE ENTERPRISE FUND
Adminitration
1990 $.70 /household (15,595)* $ 10,916
1991 $.50 /household 8,820
Residential Operations and Maintenance
1990 $1.00 /househols /month* 187,140
Commercial Operations and Maintenance
1990 Approximate carryover of $10,000
after 1989 activities 5,000
Capital
1990 $170,000 carryover from 1989 -1991
allocation - presume 1/2 in each of
the remaining years ('90 & '91) 85,000
TOTAL REVENUE $288,056
*Household count for budgeting purposes. Will increase to
Metropolitan Council estimate to 17,000 households, the
administrative support would increase to $11,900 and the
residential recycling support would increase to $204,000.
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4
CANs
\d Tremendous amounts i�
of energy are re- •
quired to make
aluminum, and
recycling can save up
to 95% of the energy it -�_
takes to make new ---
aluminum products - - "" 7 G
from raw bauxite. �_ ? �_/, Tri__
7 -
Tin cans are made out _ - "It J 'O . a
of tinplate; a mixture -
of iron ore and tin. ;
Both are valuable - 'J 7"'Rk
minerals and non- ? 1
renewable resources. - 7. C �'
` 7►
Recycled tin cans are -
detinned and the
metal and tin are ?.
Every year, Americans
made into tin - throw out enough steel
m
a d into to reconstruct Manbat-
p tan and enough
aluminum to rebuild
-- the entire American
• airfleet 71 times.
Everyday, Rbode
- "�� Islanders discard
723,200 pounds, or 361
tons of steel and alumi-
cir . num - the weight
equivalent to 241
i\, _
economy -size cars.
-
FM Aluminum cans take
�^ j 500 years to decom-
pose in a landfill, and
�� tin cans turn to dust
4116,____, 4 - i* 100 years.
s s
Our recycled alumi- .
num is melted down -
t
and rolled into sbeets,
Illip then cut into new Aluminum is used to
beverage cans, make everything from
aluminum foil siding, airplanes, cars, and
gutters, window spacecrafts to rain -
frames, and storm spouts, cans, and
doors. You can make 7 storm doors. It is the
20 recycled aluminum — , most valuable mate -
cans u'itb the energy _ - I. rial to recycle be-
it takes to make one cause it's mined and
new aluminum can. " - — 7 extracted from a clay
- called bauxite - a
" z.. scarce resource.
Th..nwing away one . Lw�� ;
a num can wastes Vic' � R �. ..
..ucb energy' as •"' ' �a- - `—: a1. - '""- 4 ' - _.
gyring out a can ball - � ., , t .0.
filled u�itb gasoline. , '•i ' - 3 -` - '�` �"�
_l- y ' ty,
y . .: i '
from 1 9S (C oC ISIS 1 , .1 +.-. LI ).r; r- - -. (cCLO - innu,cd
PI1AsTIc BOTTLES.
ss,„i i it. r" sr
4410
. '_ I 6
■ .- !. •
In a single day; Rhode _
\ , = Islanders discard
4 rii�ir r 607,200 pounds. or 300
` y. � :: ti . ,,� a ,'` ,j.. tons of plastic, the
& 's- , . _,- •,'�.• � Y equivalent of 3, 643
� " barrels of oi4 enough
'A s l: : , e
v . <' t r to beat about 75 bomes
in winter. It takes 500
. - ; --7....1.-„_A-S! - gallons, or 12 barrels rs • ;' of oil to make one ton
Your blue WE RFC}CLE i '} ' 'c Y of plastic
containers are par- = �, �� p
tially made u•:tb u �•r �- r
-�.« -,
recycled plastic trays .-9.-4-?"
I' < s •
Prom Rhode Island 'r •
dairies and bakeries. -"=-,--;-4-;:,-, .- _ :•;;, � . •`._ f -.7,74,77- '-
._ seS t�
•
`:°: y r .. �i^� - ter - z loc..... Y
AN'
Every year, about 23 ? { 1
billion plastic soda +
bottles are manufac-
tured in the United s , _- Plastic milk jugs and
j the base cups of
States. Plastic soda r "- plastic soda bottles
bottles are made of s, £ - are made from
PET (polyethylene j , `
terephthalate) - a - 3"''. polyethylene and can
nondegradable and >` ' =` "'- be recycled into toys; s
unbreakable plastic lumber or s � �ers
. P ui
Our PET bottles are - i • �` picnic tables, and
recycled into bath garden furniture; and
tubs; shower stalls; ti ` artificial reefs for
twine and rope; a * marine life.
injection molding for - v. •= - - _ . _ _ - •
appliances, cars, and R c
tools; and stung for - _ ' - "'4
61y -3
sleeping bags, ski �-_ ,,
' 1 <
jackets, pillows, and s a : 60 car seats. _ '.. � To
Recycling PET bottles t
saves up to 60% of the x,:4 _
energy required to -
make the same
product from virgin
material
.
|
. So)rojoam ,
..
..
.,..:
Sorofoam is the trade name of po&styrene foam,
' -:,*; 1.7 • , _-,- - - - F , Company Styrofoarit contains millions of tiny. , , ..
, %...."-- . -, - : - - ,• . .1.„, il. , '.....:-,:-..-. -.: -iiiiir_ takes Eiindrif..s'''o and . . , .,
AIM •
Mir 1 , , . . . food indusay have a large
..m __ w _
Parkagin8 used to
. - ,... _. wrap fast food; grocery
-‘ am inflated with
agencies industries and - the delicate ozone kryer
bousolx)Ids Paper makes up
311Nr - - - - - . . i, ,, .:.-
50% by weight of all the . harmful ultraviokt rays •
trasb we discard and is the Ot's are rekased botb in
most witiely used material —.--...1, ! - . the manufacturing proces -
in t h e packaging industry - - - ... -,.-:....i.: . and by the foam products
libode bland is one of -
NI . . - : - . _ - :-
inainezes For more ... . . . . . - - beadles recently picked up
information on bow to start ., s t .; . : 263 tons of garbage in just
an office pacer recycling - ....
. . one day Styrofoam and
- t■•;. other plastic foam products i
debris 1
7
_.._
.......„:„....___
D 4p o sa hie Diape
Amerricans t rOW out! in •
one to stt tb l
enough' dm's 3+° back .'
ant to the moon at least seti 'times ♦ By the time a baby r`-^'
todetmdnaaj' s/ beusea .a.'outl0 boo diapers Americansthr ulptd F
r about r ' P c , ad 300..., red-
attdJ,� A .�. c 300
R •- as
.3 to'e ° �d'apr, ubtcti dundegrates to ,°
- ' :-• on?y1 h 6 i gntbs d er5 can be bemused m arry 6 -
mac, —^ -i • 4 �� t
Vic. 1Ai *2
.........................
•
.s llT�G a � �' • ' •
./ ` i! 4 .. "/L J t outer O,f; ■
i�
/ �
- Z ! s plastic Sandund 7 }n `4 1
i a f - ...••••"""--.-
_ ���^'��.. : b en am 1 'thj i Q77!!i '
1� 4r; 4 ttaae� . >enrlt�reugr
J g l` it kiye �o �Al�i .61'1 z, i
Y 'J {'ilKG+mQ i6
- -. / - f' 2" € `may �,,,�„ '` ,f-
. `/ — J_ - ,rs..�'" flfjl /lESt7In(itE'l.Y".��'wc.5�i
- _ -T ,�, _ J'vw j
; =u mebit'W its of n• and
-'• ° :.1;2�.'000trnttofu
`
' dam s m om ' . t
• - United .States alon „ -
( t -
- - About 5 million tons of • -
'� y ` y dirty diapers are buried in
± • - - ;' landfills throughout the
- _ United States every year,
and consumers spend at 1
? � � _- ^ - least $100 million
-. �_„ s. annr to dispose of
_, ;� these. For every dollar a
consumer spends on a box
.• ' - of disposable diapers, tbere
_ _ - is a hidden cost of $a04 to
_—...e 50.20 to pay for dispasa!
—'—',,,.. costs
_;�" "_ - r'�'-- _ — A s z 81e drspasable baby
1 • " ; - `" — - _ bottle contains at lean jour
t ",r- • - - — different opes of plastic
and is tinually impossible
E
_
_ -, to te+clrle
/ - 3
— 2
Y
o.
.
1. L '
5 1.„
, I\ EWSPAPER
_.4-
.. •
i ;•:. -,-.
t • - ` . r . _ � } In just one day, Rhode
: ■ Islanders discard close
- Oak .
1 to 3,336,000 pounds, or
' - _ ; t 1668 tons of paper;
c ' = l= ' equal to a stack 25
4 : := - i _ ' c I l miles high. At least 4
s
- r g ! :F. • -• ei5 1 *.- ; ' miles of Ibis is newspa- •
1 - ? c ` r • t' f per that we can recycle
c =. T at home. -
f i I. !
Every time we open a = ! d
newspaper. write a _ -
check, reach fora u• _ _ _ �,
Kleenex. or light a `
match, e are proba- 1 c ;
bly using recycled ,• .�
paper. Almost all -
paper can be recycled I, - .: •-; ::-. -... Newsprint is made
and much of the . Y i - from wood pulp in the
paper we use every same way that a wasp
day contains recycled builds its nest. First,
fiber. Our recycled ! , - tbe wasp feeds on
newspapers are used wood its main source
b }'the paper industry - offood and grinds it
to make products like ' into fibers. These fibers
cellulose fiber insula- ; are then chemically
lion. neu• newsprint, T digested to produce a
and cardboard Card- •` • r wood pulp like sub -
board in turn, is used ' -/ stance which tbe wasp
to make boxes for • uses to build its nest i .
everything from appli- +� . / In the same way, paper
es to shoes and eggs. ! t .1 is recycled by first
ycling conserves ' . _ _ • • ,- grinding it into small
r energy and i t , -- • , pieces and mixing
esources that go into I (( _ these with water. This
making new paper. 4 mixture is mechani-
Up to 65% less energy ; ' catty beaten into an
is required to make ! • • . oatmeal -like pulp and
new paper from filtered through huge
recycled paper than - screens. The remain -
from virgin wood ,` _ ing fibers are pressed
fiber. l! ■ . •' into sheets, dried fin -
) J • 4 Liked and placed on
i 111
rolls to be used again
- or new paper prod -
- - t _' N . 1.. r _ - y 1_ ucts.
1- .. : .* �,'
- . ` .i,
.. - "1 r ` ;^ '4,. - . . ' ; _ ,� ,• A stack of newspapers
,3% ` s' only jour feet high
�= ' ; ` s weighs l00 pounds and
!• is equivalent to a 12f3
Every day, American pine tree. We can save
businesses generate _ 20 trees by recycling
enough paper to \ ; one ton of paper.
circle the globe at - I �.
least 40 times. Paper - ' = .
:stakes up 40% by
t' -
weight of all tbe ;
household trash we 1,',' ' = • -
tbrow away, and at - t
least 1/4 of this is
o
. _ / I i I 1
GLASS
ti ,
Glass makes up about \ - , - � •
10% by weight of all
the household trash '�
we throw away. Most _
of this is comprised
of bottles and jars
that contain every-
thing from juice and
i ll'.
coffee to medicine _
and mayonnaise.
n
• -?....:-Ii"
4` . Everyday, Rhode
' < . - • Islanders throw aua
■ - y
- 3_ 637 p ounds, or 320
� •' ' tons of glass - about
• - equal to the weight of
Most of the bottles we -r; t - 4 the Statue o Liberty.
use every day are _t c Most of this glass can
blow ,.-z,...--.4. n by air compress-z,...-- t .• �;� : .� ; � be recycled
ing machines. There _ ;
are now 90 glass bottle � ' - .r.•, -
manufacturers in the .1.1E..-- -- k.
United States tbat �' -'`- �� ; _ _ ,
make an average v F r ` 4
estimate of 80,000,000
bottles a day. ` ' . " -1
Glass bottles buried 'T_,. < t •k Imagine what life
in landfills take a r' ` ". . -. 8 st
hout
million years to would be like w
- s x- , . `,, wit
bout
glass. For centuries it
decompose. Arcbae `�- • 0". ,. b as opened u
ologists still unearth • '` P up the
__ '4 :- world of vision to us.
bottles that date back s It bas enabled us to
to early Roman times. j r x - discover everything
-4 _ from new planets and
�:- " solar systems to the
a F 1 ` Y'' atom. Of all inven-
_ tions, glass is one of
the most versatile.
"L Wbetber it is sbaped
into a mirror, a
Our recycled glass is x stained-glass window,
collected and sepa- -_ : _ or an electric light
rated by color into -.
green, clear, and _ �- - bulb, glass is a part
f ."-• - of almost everything
amber piles, then - -4."!•,-,?.." - - we rely on
crushed into small 1-
pieces called culled ` 1 • E . '-ag = ..
The cullet is shipped -A-
to bottling plants, >
where it is melted r ;--� �J
down at 2730 degrees � Y
;
Fahrenheit to make , : >t
f s;, ; :t-.7 := -
new bottles and jars. ` S
`.� ` F
Glass can be recycled . ,r` •'a.' i4,-
,; _ .
again and again. "<
,_•
rr, 198 Cc R1400 F= c 4-.10 - "---. . `: r 1-1 ■ I vs. sr, - _ r...i rrNOil 4..r. • .• • .. I Or ,...4
Waste Reduction: An Important Element
in Government Procurement Policy
• Establish centralized filing systems to rcducc the number of
Richard Keller and Ruth lantpi copies of documents;
I public and private of t was in 1987 that government procurement was accepted by •Usc obsolete material for drafts and memo pads. If no sensitive
officials as a critical clement in solid -waste material is involved, the paper can be donated as drawing
management. Four national organizations —the National Recy- paper to child-care or similar facilities;
cling Coalition, the Environmental Task Forcc, the Coalition for
• Reuse interoffice envelopes, file folders, and corrugated bocce:
Recyclable Waste, and the Environmental Defense Fund sued the • Eliminate needless forms; and
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for its failure (for • Usc central bulletin boards, the telephone, and staff meetings
over ten years) to prepare guidelines on federal purchases of instead of sending memos.
recycled products (products made from recovered materials). As a { ;rife reduction is the most environmentally
result of the April, 1988 settlement of the suit, the EPA has pub- benign form of waste management.
lishcd four new guidelines. These arc for paper, oil, tires, and g
insulation. (See the next article in this issue, "Procurement Guide-
lines and Government Agencies," page 3.) Darlene Snow of the National Solid Waste Management Asso-
ciation notes that many organizations measure success by thc
At the end of 1988, twenty - four states and length of their mailing list. Govcrnmcnt agencies need to
exchange information, but there are ways to reduce waste in
six local governments had laws or resolutions
mailing:
favoring recycled products. At leas) thirteen • Reduce mailing and distribution lists and reevaluate quantities
states are considering similar legislation in 1989. needed for reports and publications;
• Share documents with other staff or other agcncics;
At the end of 1988, twenty -four states and six local gov- • Remove your name from mailing lists for materials you no
ernments had laws or resolutions favoring recycled products. At longer need or share with others; and
least thirteen states are considering similar legislation in 1989. The • Use electronic or computer mail.
National Recycling Coalition has conducted fourteen seminars Govcrnmcnt agcncics also can buy paper products that can he
since 1986 on buying recycled products. recycled in office wastepaper recycling systems. Switching to
white ledger and white legal pads will increase the value of waste
Waste Reduction paper. lbu can replace plastic - window envelopes, which arc
Activity also is increasing in waste reduction, which is defined rarely recyclable, with open- window envelopes. Mailing labels
as any action to keep materials out of the waste stream. In addi- and other sticky products should be water soluble to permit recy-
tion to recycling, it includes source reduction (minimizing the cling. (One sticky label on each form can make millions of tax
production of waste, extending product life,• and reusing ma- forms unrccyclablc.) Reports should bc printed on nonglossy
terials), remanufacturing, and composting. Thcrc are several nota- paper to allow any excess material to be recycled. These tech -
ble activities in waste reduction: niqucs can improve thc dollar value of the wastepaper by climi-
• The Coalition for Recyclable Waste has campaigned against nating contaminants and improving thc grade of the paper. It may
the plastic can and against an increase in the use of polyvinyl convince paper mills to increase production of recycled paper by
chloride (PVC) in food packaging; offering clean, quality wastepaper.
• The Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries has called for The purchasing division should work closely with the records -
"Design for Recycling" management division on wastepaper recycling. The records -man-
• States and localities have proposed legislation to provide agemcnt division disposes of material after it remains in storage
incentives or disincentives to promote waste reduction (bans, for a required number of years. They work with local recyclers
taxes, and regulations). The legislation is often aimed at pack- and know which paper can be recycled profitably and which con -
aging, which makes up about one -third of our waste stream by taminants (glues, carbon paper, etc.) reduce the value of paper.
weight, or at items difficult to dispose of, such as batteries or Purchasing officials should use the information to design forms
tires; and that arc more rccyclablc.
• In their legislation, states and localities also have proposed
source reduction targets of five to ten percent, in addition to Inventory Control
percentage recycling targets. Govcrnmcnt agcncics should establish sophisticated, com-
puterized inventory control on the products they buy. An agency
Waste reduction is the most environmentally benign form of may want to buy a product that it or another agency already
waste management. Unlike recycling or virgin production, there is has in inventory; the inventory control can prevent this wasteful
no need to process or transport materials. Thus, thc amount of duplication. Agencies also can share materials and buy products
energy and raw material used is reduced. in bulk quantities which rcducc unit costs and generally require
Ices packaging.
Government Procurement Purchasing officials should cooperate in the inventory system
The goal of government- procurement programs for recycled with thc salvage bureau. Salvage officials know what products
products is to convince manufacturers to use recovered materials can bc reused or recycled. They can inform agencies of available
as their raw- material source. The goal of waste reduction is to products and suggest products for purchasing that arc easier to
convince manufacturers to redesign products and packaging to recycle. Thc salvage bureau can sell or donate usable equipment
reduce waste production or increase recyclability. to other agencies, governments, citizens (through auctions),
Government purchases arc 20 to 21% of the gross national rebuildcrs and recycicrs, and nonprofits.
product (7 to 8% federal, 12 to 13% state and local) or approxi-
mately S600 billion. Governments can use this power to influence Governments can use their extensive
the marketplace. Governments also can serve as a model for pri- purchasing power to reduce waste.
vats organizations, from Fortune 500 companies to nonprofits. As
an example, private organizations are using government specifica-
tions to buy recycled products. Influencing Manufacturers
Governments can usc their extensive purchasing power to Governments can use their purchasing power and specifca-
reduce waste. New York City and Maine already have taken steps lions to convince manufacturers to rcducc waste volume and
to cut government purchasing of nonbiodegradable and nonrccy- toxicity. A specification for packaging (for boxes or cgg cartons)
dablc packaging. But much more needs to bc done. could specify thc use of rccyclablc paperboard or prohibit the
usc of plastic packaging. This can convince manufacturers to
Reducing Paper Waste 35.(, change packaging or develop new recycling systems. Thc''goscrn-
According to an EPA rc rt, paper and paperboard represent ment can require printers to avoid inks which contain toxic
the largest percentage of atcrial discarded into the municipal metals such as lead or cadmium. They can rcquirc that manufac-
waste stream, about., percent in 1986. How can paper waste Curers of batteries or similar products accept used ones for
be reduced? listed below are some of the techniques: rebuilding or recycling before the government will buy new
• Use dual -sided copying whenever possible. Dual -sided copying products.
can save up to 50 percent in paper purchases, reduce the need
for new filing cabinets and file space, reduce mailing costs, and
allow smaller mailing envelopes to bc used; ,
Waste Reduction EPA Procurement Guidelines
To Whom Do the Guidelines Apply'. The requirements of •
Remanufacturing RCRA apply to "procuring agencies,' which is defined in the •
Over five hundred U.S. firms arc involved in remanufacturing, law as federal agencies, and state and local agencies using
an industrial activity that collects discarded or nonfunctioning appropriated fcdcral funds, but only if they spend more than
durable products, disassembles and refurbishes reusable parts, 510,000 a year on thc designated item. Thus, for example, if a
replaces other parts, and reassembles the parts into usable pro- county government spends morc than SI0,000 a year on paper,
ducts. Examples of products that can be remanufacturcd include and part of that moncy is from appropriated fcdcral funds, then
vehicles, vehicle parts, transformers, vending machines, retread the county government is a "procuring agency" for paper and is
tires, respliced computer paper, compressors, telephones, and required to follow the requirements of RCRA in procuring
many others. Governments can buy remanufacturcd products paper.
and keep bulky items out of landfills.
What Are the RCRA Requirements? Thcrc arc two require-
Other Waste Reduction Techniques ments: (I) review and revision of specifications and (2) estab-
Governments have other methods of reducing waste, Iishment of an affirmative procurement program for purchasing
including: thc designated item to the maximum cxtcnt practicable. Once
• Using life -cycle costing formulas which include product life EPA issues a procurement guideline designating a specific item,
and disposal costs to encourage recyclable, reusable, and procuring agencies have one year to meet these requirements for
durable products; that item.
• Replacing paper napkins and tablecloths with washable
linens; Specifications. Agencies are required to review their specilii-
• Substituting washable tableware for plastic knives and forks, cations for thc designated items and to revise them, as appro-
paper plates, and styrofoam cups in institutional kitchens and priate, to allow procurement of items containing recovered matc-
cafctcrias; rial. Typical provisions that should be revised include restrictions
• Buying cloth instead of disposable diapers; of acceptable materials to virgin materials, exclusions of recov-
• Buying reusable pallets; ered materials, and performance standards that in effect exclude
• Buying cloth towels or hand warmers instead of paper towels; items containing recovered materials and that are more stringent
• Buying reusable wiping cloths; and than necessary to,satisfy the agency's needs. Use of recovered
• Using backhauling, where the vehicle making a shipment of materials can bc restricted. however, if the agency can document
finished products takes recyclable materials back to the that such use will jeopardize the intended end use of the item.
manufacturer instead of returning empty. For example, an agency might have a specification which pre-
cludes the.usc of retreaded tires. This would have to be revised
Conclusion and replaced, preferably with a performance standard which
In managing solid waste, governments have primarily used specified relevant performance factors for tires, such as tread
their purchasing power to buy recycled products, especially wear. burst strength, stopping distance, etc.
paper. To date, little has been done to use this power to reduce Affirmative Procurement Program. Thc programs must have
waste. A cooperative effort between purchasing and solid -waste the following four components (I) preference program, (2)
officials can reduce thc volume of waste going to community promotion program, (3) procedures for obtaining and verifying
landfills. ■ estimates and certifications of recovered materials content, and
(4) annual review and monitoring.
About the Authors: Richard Keller of the Maryland Energy Each guideline issued by EPA recommends the approaches)
Office is Chairman of the National Recycling Coalition's Pro that EPA believes will be most effective for procurement of the
gram Committee and serves on its Board of Directors. He is a designated item to thc maximum extent practicable. EPA believes
nationally recognized expert on buying recycled products. Ruth that agencies following its recommendations will bc in com-
Lampi is o founder and Board Member of the National Recy pliance with RCRA; however, each procuring agency is free to
cling Coalition, and works for a local government on recycling. implement its own affirmative procurement program if it chooses.
She is n nationally recognized expert on packaging, waste reduc-
tion. and recycling. What Do the Guidelines Recommend for a Preference
Program? Thc paper guideline recommends that agencies cstab-
Editor's Note: The Coalition for Recyclable Waste would like fish content standards for paper and paper products. Specific
to hear your ideas on waste reduction to share them with others. standards arc recommended. Some of these standards are for
Contact Trisha Ferrand at the Coalition, P.O. Box 1091, Absecon, minimum postconsumer recovered content, while oth-
NJ 08201. 609/641 - 2197. crs arc for minimum waste -paper content. "Waste paper" is a
broader term that includes both postconsumer materials and
manufacturing wastes. For example, thc EPA - recommended
standards call for high -grade printing and writing papers to have
a fifty percent waste -paper content.
The lubricating oils guideline recommends that agencies estab-
lish minimum - content standards for engine Lubricating oils,
EPA Procurement Guidelines hydraulic fluids, and gcar oils. li is further recommended that
the standard be set no lower than 25 percent rc- refined oil.
for Recycled Products Thc retread tires guideline recommends that agencies establish
programs consisting of two components — procurement of retread-
Duna F Armed ing services for the agencies' used tire carcasses and procurement
of replacement tires through competition between vendors of
T he U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issucd pro- new tires and vendors of retread tires. In other words, agencies
curemcnt guidelines which are regulations that require should procurc both retreading services and retreads as products.
government agencies to buy products made of recycled materials If the agency is unable to implement one component, duc for
in order to encourage recycling and reduce the amount of trash example to unavailability, then it should implement the other
and garbage that must be thrown away. Thc federal guidelines component while continuing to attempt to implement thc first.
implement thc Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), The building insulation guideline identifies a variety of insulat-
which Congress passed in 1976. Each guideline designates spe- ing materials that can bc manufactured with recovered materials,
cifac items which governments must procurc containing recycled including cellulose, fiberglass. plastic foams and boards, and rock
or recovered materials and provides recommendations for implc- wool. Specific minimum - content standards are recommended.
mcnting thc requirements of RCRA.
Thc EPA has issucd four such guidelines: Now Will the Guidelines Be Enforced? There ale no pro -
paper and paper products. visions in RCRA for federal enforcement of the guidelines. This
lubricating oils. does not mean, of course, that the law can be ignored. Anyone
retread tires. and who is injured by thc failure of an agency to implement the law
building insulation products. can take civil action, either through thc agencies' protest proce-
dures, the General Accounting Orrice protest procedures. or the
The requirements of RCRA apply to ... federal courts.
fcdcral agencies, and state and local agencies using EPA intends to monitor and report on the progress of federal
appropriated fcdcral funds ... if they spend more agencies and to assist all federal and nonfederal agencies in set -
than $10,000 a year on the designated item- ting up programs. EPA also intends to help vendors of recovered
materials in dealing with procuring agencies.
!low Can the Public Participate? Anyone interested in
- learning about an agency's affirmative procurement program can
inquire about it through telephone calls or letters to thc agency.
The public also can request information, such as thc results of
thc agency's annual review of its program. All federal and many
state agencies have Freedom of Information Acts which can bc
invoked if necessary. Finally, tinder Section 7002 of RCRA, any
person can file suit against an agency for violating RCRA and
thc procurement guidelines.
Is More Information Available? EPA has established a pro-
curement guidelines tcicphonc hotline to answer questions from
the government agencies, vendors, and the public. Copics of the
guidelines also can bc obtained from the hotline. The number is
703/941 -4452. •
References
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 USC
6962.
Procurement Guideline for Paper and Paper Products, 40 CFR
Part 250, 53 FR 23546 (June 22, 1988).
Procurement Guideline for Lubricating Oils Containing Re- refined
Oil, 40 CFR Part 252, 53 FR 24699 (June 30, 1988).
Procurement Guideline for Retread Tires, 40 CFR Pan 253, 53
FR 46558 (November 17, 1988).
Procurement Guideline for Building Insulation Products, 40 CFR
Pan 248, 54 FR 7328 (February 17, 1989).
Dann F. Arnold is Program Manager for Solid and Hazard-
ous Waste at E H. Pechan and Associates. Inc. She has pro -
vided team support to EPA in developing the procurement guide-
lines and manages the guideline implementation effort
•
REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION OF
DUN & BRADSTREET CORPORATIION
May 1989
•
'th .BidlNe Link
Communication Between Buyer and Seller
The Bid Nct Link
Publisher:
James J. Armstrong
Editor:
Stephen B. Gordon, Ph.D.
Editorial Assistant:
Julia Schiller
Publications Assistant:
Angela M. Souza
Contributors:
Larry C. Ethridge, Michael Love,
John Short, Jack Standlcy
Staff Writer:
Julian J. Fitzgerald
Published quarterly by IlidNct, a company of Thc Dun
& Bradstreet Corporation, 5 Choke Cherry Rd., Rockville,
Maryland 20S50, tcicphonc (301) 330 -7000, extension 7030.
C,�+ryr
1009 $6.1'4, An ,tlx, M+n.,J
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency •••
•
facts about
Recycled Printing and Writing Paper
By recycling our printing and writing paper we can reduce the amount of waste going to our landfills.
Although recycling is a crucial first step, it is essential that the recycled paper is remanufactured into
new products and that those products are then reused.
When you buy recycled printing and writing paperyou create a demand for recycled materials and help
create new markets. As a result, industries will want to use more recycled materials in manufacturing.
Kinds of Waste
Emerging federal guidelines require that recycled paper products consist of 50 percent either pre -or
post - consumer waste. It's important to ask your sales person about this percentage when purchasing
paper. No recycling benefit occurs when you purchase paper consisting of 50 percent or more
manufacturer's waste. These wastes never leave the paper plant and are automatically recycled back
into the paper making process.
There are three kinds of wastes which make up the content of recycled paper. They are:
Manufacturers Waste -- Fibrous waste generated during the primary manufactur-
ing process by a printer or other product manufacturer. This waste consists of mill broke,
bark, wood chips, sawdust and other wood residue.
Pre - Consumer Waste -- Waste generated after completion of the manufacturing
process (printing waste, envelope cuttings, binding trimmings, etc.) This waste has not
been used by a final consumer and would normally be disposed as a solid waste.
Post - Consumer Waste -- Waste paper generated by a business or a consumer. It has
been separated from solid waste for collection and recycling.
By following these purchasing guidelines, a stable demand will develop, products will be better stocked
and eventually, overall prices will drop.
Recycled Paper Suppliers
The following Minnesota distributors were surveyed to find out who carries recycled writing and
printing paper that complies with federal regulations. These papers are available in avanety of textures
and colors.
Printed on recycled poper
•
VENDOR MILLS REPRESENTED
Inter -City Paper o French Paper Company
560 Kosota Avenue Southeast o Miami Paper Corporation
Minneapolis, MN 55440 o Geo. A. Whiting Paper
(612)228 -1234 o P.H. Glatfelter Company
Contact: Steve Griffith
Leslie Paper Company o Geo. a. Whiting
P.O. Box 1351 o French Paper Company
Minneapolis, MN 55440 o P.H. Glatfelter Company
(612)781 -6611
(612)540 -0700
Contact: Karen Zingle
Anchor Paper Company o Geo. A. Whiting
480 Broadway
St. Paul, MN 55101
(612)298 -1311
Contact: Mike Hatlestad
Butler Paper o Geo. A. Whiting
3080 Long Lake Road o PH Glatfelter Company
St. Paul, MN 55113 o French Paper Company
(612)636 -2650
Contact: Paula Allen
Mead Merchants o Geo. A. Whiting
2407 East Hennepin Avenue
Minneapolis, MN 55413
(612)331 -2417
Contact: Hank Moore of Jerry McKeeven
Turnquist Paper Company o Geo. A. Whiting
3003 Pacific Street North - •
Minneapolis, MN 55413
(612)331 -6180 •
Contact: Linda Vos
•
Wilcox Paper Company o Geo. a. Whiting
2301 Traffic Street Northeast o French Paper Company
Minneapolis, MN 55413
(612)378 -2400
Contact: Mike Vehoff
C.J. Duffy o Geo. A. Whiting
528 Washington Avenue North
Minneapolis, MN 55401
(612)338 -8701
Contact: Jim Klimantil
For more information contact either Sue Wiley (612)296 -7442 or Tom Couling (612)649 -5771 at the
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.
i
/si red social policy
.
'Affirmative Action' Laws
Widespread Recycling
Promote
anufacturers of products that
eventually wind up in the solid • •
waste stream are closely Recycling Promotion
1
watching a legislative development that
will influence product design and mate These states and local governments have laws promoting
rial selection. recycling:
Laws to promote the use of recycled
materials and make waste more readily California # • covers products in
recyclable or disposable are going on Florida * addition to paper
the books in states, cities and one Illinois
county. The laws impose recycling and Iowa #provides price preference
disposability requirements for the prod-
ucts that state and local government Maryland # for recycled materials
bodies buy. Minnesota • or set asides, or both
Concurrently, state and local waste Missouri '
management officials and proponents New Jersey ' #
of recycling are pushing for the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency to use the New York #
Resource Conservation and Recovery Ohio •
Act more broadly to promote recycling. Oregon ' #
When Congress considers RCRA Rhode Island • #
reauthorization, its resulting amend- as
Tex
ments will include expansion of provi- Vermont • #
sions influencing the purchase of recy-
cled products by federal agencies. Washington
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. Laws dic- Connecticut '
tating the purchase of recycled prod- Maine
ucts, ones with recycled content or Michigan #
products making disposal easier, are New York City #
being called "affirmative procurement"
statutes. Like affirmative action laws Philadelphia #
covering minority employment, affirma- Austin
five action in procurement will force a Ann Arundel County, Md. #
desired social policy. Government sup-
pliers will have to begin selling prod-
ucts that make waste disposal easier
for their customer's communities, and
at the same time, reduce their cus- cled materials. Others set aside status on paper. This will change as new mea-
tomers' waste disposal costs. for recycled materials suppliers, assur- sures and amendments to existing laws
Since it would be impractical to offer ing them a portion of total procurement. begin to include a range of products
Iwo product lines, one to comply with Another feature is "life cycle cost- government agencies purchase. For
the government procurement specifica- ing." This procurement technique at- example, Maryland is considering a bill
tions and another for other customers, tempts to calculate the total cost of a this year to include solvents in addition
suppliers will begin to make govern- product from purchase to disposal to to auto parts, oil and rubber items in its
ment specifications standard. help make buying decisions. The calcu- affirmative procurement statute.
Over the past two years, 18 states, lations include the cost of disposal by Packaging is expected eventually to
ranging from California to Rhode Is- landfill or incineration, for example, in be a major part of the laws' provisions.
land, have passed laws promoting state evaluating the price of virgin or non- This is in part because packaging ma-
purchasing of recycled products. New recyclable materials and recycled or re- terials have a high profile, ranging as
York, Philadelphia, Austin and the pop- cyclable alternatives. A recycled prod- they do from corrugated shipping con -
ulous county of Ann Arundel, Md., have uct may turn out to be the better buy, tainers to plastic milk and soft drink
such statutes. (See table.) even at a higher initial price, because it bottles, aluminum beer cans and poly -
Some laws incorporate a preferment has reduced the disposal cost. A recy- styrene "clam shells" used by fast food
feature. Philadelphia, for example, clable product with an initial cost higher outlets.
plans to pay up to 10 percent more to than the non - recyclable one may be the "We haven't sieri tiny legislation or
vendors for products containing recy- choice, thanks to life cycle costing regulations directed at the packaging
analysis. of products," said Richard Keller, man-
BROADENING FOCUS. The affirm- ager of transportation and waste man -
By Charles R. Goerth, Attorney at Law, alive procurement laws focus primarily agement, Maryland Energy Office, Bal-
Wilmette, W.
MAY 1988
.; vE P�<OCL•f E► EN' – - -- —
timore. "But from my talks with officials regUirir,g corrugated packacir,g is pro- The co.cy paper ascrte tnFsc
around the country, I know that packag- mot ing the recycting of corrugated ; benefits to this eff:rmattve p ocur Men:
ing will become a focus of attention." board and is helping to maintain the activity:
Keller said he sees government market for it. A ban on plastic cushion- • Creating a new market for a rt.
agencies moving "in an evolutionary ing would reflect the lack of a market rial means more recycling will 1
way" to cover other aspects of the solid for it as recyclable waste, and this place, going beyond beverage bottles
waste problems. "Source reduction— would act either as a disincentive to its • Displacing virgin material prev-
producing less waste to begin with by use or as an inspiration for innovative ously used as aggregate (crushed
reducing the amount of packaging —is recycling. stone and sand) does not disrupt exist-
going to be an approach," he said. Further proof of the emerging role of ing recycling markets significantly.
"This is just a concept now, but if you government in altering waste manage- • Govenment can had asked me 12 months ago what merit comes from legislators and their whole cycler from col ection process the
would be happening a year later, I
would not have guessed that we would
have as much activity at state and local
government levels as we have now." 18 states have passed
WASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS. laws promoting state purchasing
The Maryland official described to me of recycled products.
one potential packaging requirement
for a product a state government buys:
the packaging must consist only of cor- advisors. A paper called "Recycling ing and swing to the glass aggregate's
work
rugated board, which can be recycled, Strategies for State Governments,"
and not include plastic cushioning, published by the Legislative Commis- use through its own ro
which must be thrown out because it is sion on Solid Waste Management for or by its contractors.
not readily recyclable. the State of New York, gives insight into 'The competit will il l wit the virg
aggregate material w
The example illustrates a keystone 1 how state government is moving. This l help to keep the
of thinking. planning and action in solid paper presents New York state's strat- vii S u material's price down.
waste management today: creating, I egy; it highlights the importance of pro• Such an affirmative procurement
maintaining and using market systems curement in achieving that strategy. amount policy o policy raises questions els. Hew can the
glass be
for recycled materials. A market for cor- and it shows an example of how the accommodate th e demand d fo it if he
rugated waste exists today; one does strategy would affect choice of materi- state trequires l the e's she
not exist for plastic cushioning. A buyer als and its effect on marketing of mate- state requires glass aggregate's use in
vials. road building? What effect will in-
The strategy. The New York State creased demand for glass aggreg
EMN Reader Survey solid Waste Management Plan has a have on the availability and price of c, • let for glass bottle manufacturing
10 -year goal for disposing of waste in
Please take a few moments to 1 the state: What will such a policy do to traditional
respond to the following ques- 10 percent reduction and reuse suppliers of aggregate?
• 40 percent recycling ECONOMIC POWER. More broadly.
lion. We will use your comments I
• 40 percent energy recovery you can see from this strategy how
to enhance the editorial pack- state can use the economic power of
(through incineration)
p rocurement policy bring about its
age now provided in Environ- 10 percent landtitling Y to g
mental Management News. Procurement's importance. Legisla- desired ends —in this case, in solid
waste management. You can also see
lion in New York now requires "the
Which articles in this issue are
State, its public authorities and munici- how such policy can skew competitive
most beneficial to you in your palities to review procurement of materials, , direct price and availability
i
Y Y cations for all products and materials
of materials, direct research dollars, in
job? they buy. The law requires that any un- fluence disposal methods and deter -
reasonable bias against recycled prod- mine which companies thrive, survive
n or Story: In Situ ucts and materials be eliminated and °f die.
Biological Treatment specifications redrawn to give prefer The agencies responsible for imple
once to products made from promote those state and local laws to •
O On Line: Asbestos consumer secondary materials where p promote recycling are considering ways
Regulations cost, performance and availability are to carry out their mandate. One is by co-
O News Section comparable:' operative purchasing — groups of states
THE EXAMPLE. The policy paper
Feature: Affirmative or state and local agencies band to-
gether to increase their bu in
Procurement endorses the use of fine glass aggre- and the resulting leverage they power
have
I 0 Emergency Response asphalt. p Making e this agg egg e 115 with suppliers. They are he o t n d a is
0 Technical Topics percent part of asphalt on state and 10- bring about uniformity in the e rc e nards 1
O Meetings road-building would require for recycled materials. The percentage
of recycled content that qualifies a prod-
nsume by itself more than 40 uct for price preferment or set aside sta- i
cal rod bil
❑ Environmental Perspective would
O Publications percent of all glass now part of the re may differ state by state. They also
Discoveries waste stream in New York. This is more recognize the infportance of pinning
than the state's beverage container re- down specifications for recycled prod
O Investor's Index cycling law generates. ucts to assure performance that equals
that of alternative materials. •
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT NEWS
HaNEPIN COUNTY
Department of Environment and Energy
MEMORANDUM
DATE: July 26, 1988
T0: John Rafferty, Victoria Stransky, Lynn Anderson, Mike Lein,
Rick Schneider, Rick Hlavka, Zach Hanson, Bruce Jones
FBI: Carl Michaud
SUBJECT: Recycled Paper Evaluation •
Enclosed is information about the results of Hennepin County's experiment with
the use of recycled paper in convenience copiers and off set presses.
Also attached is a listing of Hazardous & Solid Waste staff with their phone
numbers and duties identified.
[MICHAUD] RPE
RESULTS OF APRIL -JUNE 1988 PILOT PROGRAM
ON THE USE OF RECYCLED PAPER IN
CONVENIENCE COPIERS AND ON OFFSET PRESSES
BACKGROUND
On February 8, 1988, the County Board adopted Resolution No. 88- 2 -47BR1 which
established a three -month pilot program for the use of recycled paper. The
resolution directed that recycled paper be used at five convenience copier
locations and for all possible offset press runs. It also directed that the
County Administrator report the pilot program results to the County Board with
a recommendation for future use of recycled paper at the second Board meeting in
July, 1988.
STUDY METHODS AND RESULTS
The three -month pilot program took place in April -June, 1988. During that time,
two pallets (equivalent to 80 cases, 800 reams, or 400,000 sheets) of 8 -1/2" x
11" recycled paper were used in the Central Services Division Print Shop and in
convenience copiers located on Government Center floors A3, A7, A23, and A24 and
in the Environment and Energy Department at the McDonald Building. To obtain
employee comments about copy quality, questionnaires were available at each
convenience copier location. Fifty -eight responses were received. Also,
questionnaires were sent out with 35 printing orders that were returned to
departments from the Print Shop, and 28 responses were received. Finally,
comments from the offset equipment operators in the Print Shop were obtained.
Overall, half the users were satisfied, half were not. Specific comments are as
follows:
Paper Quality - Color was acceptable to most users.
- Weight was acceptable to most users, but the recycled
paper tore easier because it is made of shorter fibers.
- Texture was acceptable to most users, but texture was
cited as causing jams and misfeeds.
- Paper tended to crease while going through copier.
- Pencil marks did not erase well.
- Paper stretched when glue was applied.
- Paper was unacceptable for presentations, court filings,
certifications, and frequent handling.
- Some reams included creased and miscut sheets and sheets
with dark smudges.
Copy Quality - Copies were unacceptable to some due to light characters,
broken characters, and streaks of empty space across
copies.
- Penciled notes, copies of copies, and computer - printed
material with shaded areas reproduced poorly because the
toner doesn't fill in well on the recycled paper's deeper
texture.
- Correction fluid used on recycled paper did not block out
errors well enough for some.
1
Cost
Considerations - The recycled paper was obtained from Intercity Paper, the
same vendor that furnished the State with recycled paper.
During the pilot program, regular paper cost $4.44 per
thousand sheets, and recycled paper cost $5.82 when
ordering two pallets. The cost of the recycled paper was
31% higher. Currently, regular paper costs $4.92 per
thousand sheets, and recycled paper costs $6.33, or 29%
more than regular paper. Based on current costs, the
additional annual paper cost would be about $40,500 if
recycled paper was used in every convenience copier and
for all possible offset press jobs.
- Recycled paper prices vary significantly. For example,
during a recent six -month period, prices ranged from $4.69
to $6.54 per thousand sheets. Currently, the price
differential can be reduced to about 19X if the paper is
purchased in five - pallet (200 cases) quantities. Storage
space is not available in larger quantities.
Convenience
Copier Operations - Convenience copiers misfed and jammed more frequently,
particularly when making two -sided copies. These problems
occurred because the heat from the first pass- through,
acting on the paper's higher moisture content, caused the
paper to curl and misfeed through and jam the copier.
Convenience
Copier Maintenance - No change in frequency of maintenance and repairs.
- There was an increase in the number of paper jams that .
could not be removed by key operators (employees trained
to handle minor machine problems). Therefore, service
technicians had to be called in more frequently.
- In several cases, the recycled paper wrapped around the
rollers which created a fire hazard.
Impact on Print
Shop Operations - It takes longer to set up offset presses when using
recycled paper because the vacuum and alignment have to be
adjusted due to a lack of "body" t� the paper.
= Presses have to be run at a slower speed because the
paper's higher moisture content causes it to cling to the
cylinder instead of releasing quickly to accommodate the
next sheet.
- When copying on two sides, ink and water moisture from the
first pass- through caused the paper to curl, misfeed, and
jam the presses on the second pass- through.
- The impact of the above problems is that one additional
hour is required to run the average job using recycled
paper. The additional annual cost is about $6,700.
Impact on Bindery
Operations - The paper misfeeds and jams the collator and folding
equipment because of the curl in the paper that is; created
by excess moisture. Recycled paper has a higher moisture
content, and additional moisture from the offset press'
ink and water causes it to curl.
- No problems with cutting, padding, or punching equipment.
2
Archival
Considerations - Archival quality paper requires a minimum pH of 6.5 and
must be free of ground wood and alum. Such paper should
last at least 100 years. Paper with a pH of 7.5 should
last several hundred years. Paper with a high pH is more
alkaline, and paper with a lower pH is more acidic.
Ground wood can contain acidic components such as lignin.
Alum reacts with moisture in the air and produces
sulphuric acid.
Samples of both recycled paper and the bond paper normally
used in the convenience copiers were sent to the Minnesota
Historical Society for testing. The first test results
were that the recycled paper pH averaged only 5.5. Such
paper would last 50 to 100 years. A second test was
conducted and the pH averaged 8.8. The recycled paper was
free of ground wood. The first test for alum was
positive and the second test was negative.
The bond paper normally used in the convenience copiers
also had inconsistent pH readings. The first test showed
a pH of 9.0 on one sample and 5.2 on the other sample.
One sample showed the presence of alum and the other did
not. The second test showed an average pH of 5.2. Both
samples showed positive readings for alum.
A third test will be performed because of the
inconsistency of the test results.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Use of Recycled Paper
Recycled paper should be used in convenience copiers and on offset presses:
a. For one -sided copying only.
b. When a high degree of paper quality or copy quality is not needed.
c. When the cost of the recycled paper does not exceed 10% of the cost of
regular paper in 5 pallet (200 cases) volumes. A lOX price differential
would cost about $21,000 annually, including the additional offset press
costs.
d. In the case of offset presses, when machine collating and folding are
not required.
2. Archival Considerations
An additional test of both recycled and bond paper needs to be performed
because of the inconsistent pH and alum readings. A meeting with the bond
paper supplier and the paper mill should also be held to discuss the
presence of alum. It is possible that neither paper meets archival
requirements.
3
•
•
STATE Of •NFSOTA
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT DIVISION
; ....: CONTRACTS & TECHNICAL SERVICES
-ter.- .
112 Admin. Bldg., 50 Sherburne Ave., St. Paul, MN 55155
Department of
Administration OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
COOPERATIVE PURCHASING VENTURE
•
•
"WHAT IS AN EASY WAY TO SAVE MONEY ?'
Entering into it's third year, the State of Minnesota Cooperative Purchasing Venture
(CPV) continues to show local government this easy way to save money.
were else can you use a simple 3 -step procedure to save 20 to 72 percent off normal
charges for products?
Step I - Look up commodity in the index
Step II - Order a copy of the contract
Step III - Place an order directly with the vendor
WHAT IS CPV? ??
The Cooperative Purchasing Venture (CPV) is a members only purchasing program that
enables participants to buy goods and services at reduced cost under the terms of
contracts already negotiated by the State of Minnesota.
W80 CAN BECOME A MEMBER OF THE COOPERATIVE PURCHASE VENTURE?
Any political subdivision can become a member of the CPV program. A political
subdivision is defined as any agency or organization that derives its funding from
taxation in a like manner as the State. This includes municipalities, school districts
and counties. If you have a question regarding your eligibility, call the CPV program
administrator at (612) 296 -3779.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO JOIN THE COOPERATIVE PURCBASING YFNIURE?
Quite simply, the CPV can save your city, organization, or agency substantial amounts
of money. It is designed to maximize utility by getting the highest value for the
taxpayers' dollars.
In addition, the CPV is designed to help members:
a) reduce or eliminate the time required to research specifications;
b) enhance and simplify the commodity or service selection process; -- ;
c) minimize the time required to identify new vendors
d) maximize utility and value received; and
e) reduce the time and costs involved to award and process a commodity
or service contract.
•
COOPERATIVE PURCHASING VENTURE con't
HOW WILL THE CPV CHANGE MY RELATIONSHIPS WITH MY VENDORS?
Nothing will change in your vendor relationships, except in those instances when
you want a lower price under a specific State contract. You will deal with the
vendor directly, and purchase orders, and other purchasing functions will be handled
by you. The CPV program is a resource that can help you in important ways.
HOW MUCH DOES CPV MEMBERSHIP COST?
The annual membership (fiscal year - July 1 through June 30) fee is 5250. This nominal
amount covers the State's administration expenses while ensuring that the program
will continue to grow.
As a member, you will receive a current Commodity Index of Contracts that have been
extended to political subdivisions. You will also receive, upon request, copies of those
contracts relevant to your needs.
WHAT DOES MY CPV MEMBERSHIP BUY?
When you become a CPV member, you receive:
•
a) Your membership certification (agreement) and member Permit Number
b) One copy of the Commodity Index of Qualifying Contracts
c) New User Instructions
d) Quarterly Commodity Index updates including new Sate contracts
e) Prompt and efficient support, including assistance in the interpretati:
of contracts and rapid delivery of copies of contracts when requested.
WHEN SHOULD I USE THE CPV PROGRAM?
Use the CPV program a little or as much as you find valuable. Frankly, we think !ost
members are going to save enough money on a regular basis to merit checking the :_ ?V
Commodity Index on a regular basis.
You will find that using the State contracts will be most advantageous when purchas :;.:
standard, repetitive, and large items.
For additional information on this easy way to save money call or write to:
J.R. (Jim) Johnson, CPV Administrator
Contracts /Technical Services
112 Administration Bldg.
50 Sherburne Ave.
St. Paul, MN 55155
:hone: (612) 296 -3779